महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-165, verse-30

ततः स पथि भोक्तव्यं प्रेक्षमाणो न किंचन ।
कृतघ्नः पुरुषव्याघ्र मनसेदमचिन्तयत् ॥३०॥

30. tataḥ sa pathi bhoktavyaṁ prekṣamāṇo na kiṁcana ,
kṛtaghnaḥ puruṣavyāghra manasedamacintayat.

30. tataḥ saḥ pathi bhoktavyam prekṣamāṇaḥ na kiṃcana
kṛtaghnaḥ puruṣavyāghra manasā idam acintayat

30. tataḥ saḥ pathi kiṃcana bhoktavyam na prekṣamāṇaḥ
kṛtaghnaḥ puruṣavyāghra manasā idam acintayat

30. Then, seeing no food on the path, the ungrateful one (kṛtaghna), O best among men, pondered this in his mind.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - After his previous thoughts, then. (then, thereafter, from that)

• सः (saḥ) - He, referring to Gautama. (he, that)

• पथि (pathi) - No food on the journey. (on the path, on the way)

• भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - Food that should be eaten. (to be eaten, food, eatable)

• प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - Gautama, seeing nothing. (seeing, looking at, observing)

• न (na) - Seeing nothing. (not, no)

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - Seeing nothing at all. (anything, something, nothing (with 'na'))

• कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - Gautama, being ungrateful for the hospitality. (ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds, traitor)

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - A respectful address to the listener, typical in epics. (O best of men, O tiger among men)

• मनसा (manasā) - He thought this in his mind. (by mind, in mind)

• इदम् (idam) - This (idea) he thought. (this)

• अचिन्तयत् (acintayat) - He thought this. (thought, reflected)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - After his previous thoughts, then. (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

सः (saḥ) - He, referring to Gautama. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पथि (pathi) - No food on the journey. (on the path, on the way)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

Note: Locative case indicating location.

भोक्तव्यम् (bhoktavyam) - Food that should be eaten. (to be eaten, food, eatable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhoktavya

bhoktavya - to be eaten, eatable, food

Gerundive (future passive participle)

From root 'bhuj' with suffix '-tavya'

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'prekṣamāṇaḥ'. Functions as a noun here.

प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - Gautama, seeing nothing. (seeing, looking at, observing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - seeing, looking at, observing

Present Middle Participle

From root 'īkṣ' with prefix 'pra-' and 'a-' (stem 'prekṣa'), with suffix '-māna'

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

न (na) - Seeing nothing. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

किंचन (kiṁcana) - Seeing nothing at all. (anything, something, nothing (with 'na'))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṃcana

kiṁcana - anything, something (with 'na' it means 'nothing')

From 'kim' + 'cana'

Note: Indefinite pronoun.

कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - Gautama, being ungrateful for the hospitality. (ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds, traitor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, destroyer of good deeds, traitor

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, made, performed, kindness
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' with suffix '-kta'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – killing, destroying, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'han' with suffix '-a' (agent noun)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - A respectful address to the listener, typical in epics. (O best of men, O tiger among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - best of men, tiger among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saptamī) (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira, the listener of the story.

मनसा (manasā) - He thought this in his mind. (by mind, in mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought

Note: Instrument of thinking.

इदम् (idam) - This (idea) he thought. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of 'acintayat'.

अचिन्तयत् (acintayat) - He thought this. (thought, reflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cint

Root 'cit' (to perceive) with secondary suffix '-aya' (causative/denominal stem), past imperfect tense.

Root: cit (class 10)