महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-165, verse-26

ततस्तमभ्यगाद्राजन्राजधर्मा खगोत्तमः ।
स्वागतेनाभ्यनन्दच्च गौतमं मित्रवत्सलः ॥२६॥

26. tatastamabhyagādrājanrājadharmā khagottamaḥ ,
svāgatenābhyanandacca gautamaṁ mitravatsalaḥ.

26. tataḥ tam abhyagāt rājan rājadharmā khagottamaḥ
svāgatena abhyanandat ca gautamam mitravatsalaḥ

26. rājan tataḥ rājadharmā khagottamaḥ tam abhyagāt
ca mitravatsalaḥ svāgatena gautamam abhyanandat

26. Then, O king, the excellent bird (khagottama), whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was like that of a king, approached him. And, being friendly (mitravatsala), he welcomed Gautama.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• तम् (tam) - him (Gautama) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

• अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - approached (he approached, went towards)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• राजधर्मा (rājadharmā) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was like that of a king (having the characteristics of a king, whose (dharma) is kingly)

• खगोत्तमः (khagottamaḥ) - the excellent bird (best of birds, excellent bird)

• स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a welcome (with a welcome, by means of a greeting)

• अभ्यनन्दत् (abhyanandat) - he welcomed (he rejoiced, he greeted, he welcomed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (Gautama (acc. sg.))

• मित्रवत्सलः (mitravatsalaḥ) - being friendly (affectionate towards friends, friendly, fond of friends)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas from idam/tat

तम् (tam) - him (Gautama) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Gautama.

अभ्यगात् (abhyagāt) - approached (he approached, went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of abhigam

Imperfect tense, 3rd singular, active voice

From root gam with abhi (y-sandhi between abhi- and -agāt)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is khagottamaḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the recipient of the narration.

राजधर्मा (rājadharmā) - whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was like that of a king (having the characteristics of a king, whose (dharma) is kingly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - king's duty, kingly (dharma), intrinsic nature of a king

Compound of rāja and dharma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with khagottamaḥ.

खगोत्तमः (khagottamaḥ) - the excellent bird (best of birds, excellent bird)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khagottama

khagottama - best of birds

Compound of khaga and uttama

Compound type : tatpurusha (khaga+uttama)

• khaga – bird (lit. 'sky-goer')
  noun (masculine)
  From kha (sky) + ga (goer, from gam)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of ud (up)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वागतेन (svāgatena) - with a welcome (with a welcome, by means of a greeting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - welcome, well-come; a kind welcome

Su (well) + āgata (come)

Prefixes: su+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Means by which he welcomed.

अभ्यनन्दत् (abhyanandat) - he welcomed (he rejoiced, he greeted, he welcomed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of abhinand

Imperfect tense, 3rd singular, active voice

From root nand (to rejoice) with abhi (y-sandhi between abhi- and -anandat)

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Subject is khagottamaḥ (or mitravatsalaḥ as epithet).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (Gautama (acc. sg.))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Name of a sage

Note: Object of abhyanandat.

मित्रवत्सलः (mitravatsalaḥ) - being friendly (affectionate towards friends, friendly, fond of friends)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitravatsala

mitravatsala - affectionate to friends, fond of friends

Compound of mitra and vatsala

Compound type : tatpurusha (mitra+vatsala)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• vatsala – affectionate, fond, loving
  adjective (masculine)
  From vatsa (calf, darling)

Note: Agrees with khagottamaḥ.