महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-5

उपप्लव्यगता सा तु श्रुत्वा सुमहदप्रियम् ।
तदा विनाशं पुत्राणां सर्वेषां व्यथिताभवत् ॥५॥

5. upaplavyagatā sā tu śrutvā sumahadapriyam ,
tadā vināśaṁ putrāṇāṁ sarveṣāṁ vyathitābhavat.

5. upaplavyagatā sā tu śrutvā sumahat apriyam tadā
vināśam putrāṇām sarveṣām vyathitā abhavat

5. sā tu upaplavyagatā,
tadā sarveṣām putrāṇām vināśam sumahat apriyam śrutvā,
vyathitā abhavat.

5. But she, while in Upaplavya, upon hearing the very great misfortune of the destruction of all her sons, became greatly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• उपप्लव्यगता (upaplavyagatā) - having gone to Upaplavya, being in Upaplavya

• सा (sā) - she

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very much

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, misfortune

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, ruin

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of sons

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• व्यथिता (vyathitā) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

उपप्लव्यगता (upaplavyagatā) - having gone to Upaplavya, being in Upaplavya

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upaplavyagata

upaplavyagata - one who has gone to Upaplavya, being in Upaplavya

Compound of Upaplavya and gata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upaplavya+gata)

• upaplavya – name of a city, a town
  proper noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sā'

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very much

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, enormous

Compound of su- (good, very) and mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
  Present active participle from root mah (to be great)
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'apriyam'

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, misfortune

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome, misfortune

Compound of a- (negation) and priya (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Acts as a noun meaning "misfortune"

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad (that)

Note: Refers to the time of hearing.

विनाशम् (vināśam) - destruction, ruin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, loss, annihilation

Derived from root naś with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā' (understood with the misfortune).

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Possessive, "of the sons"

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'putrāṇām'

व्यथिता (vyathitā) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath (to be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sā' (implied subject).

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)