महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स दृष्ट्वा निहतान्संख्ये पुत्रान्भ्रातॄन्सखींस्तथा ।
महादुःखपरीतात्मा बभूव जनमेजय ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa dṛṣṭvā nihatānsaṁkhye putrānbhrātṝnsakhīṁstathā ,
mahāduḥkhaparītātmā babhūva janamejaya.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa dṛṣṭvā nihatān saṃkhye putrān
bhrātṝn sakhīn tathā mahāduḥkhaparītātmā babhūva janamejaya

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca janamejayaḥ saḥ saṃkhye nihatān putrān
bhrātṝn tathā sakhīn dṛṣṭvā mahāduḥkhaparītātmā babhūva

1. Vaiśampayana said: Janamejaya, upon seeing his sons, brothers, and friends slain in battle, became deeply overwhelmed with great sorrow (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स (sa) - Janamejaya (he, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, struck down

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in war, in number)

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

• सखीन् (sakhīn) - friends, companions

• तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus, so)

• महादुःखपरीतात्मा (mahāduḥkhaparītātmā) - one whose self/soul is overwhelmed by great sorrow

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was, existed

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampayana (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root √vac, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

स (sa) - Janamejaya (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

root √dṛś, absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निहतान् (nihatān) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

past passive participle

from √han with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in war, in number)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - number, battle, war

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

भ्रातॄन् (bhrātṝn) - brothers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

सखीन् (sakhīn) - friends, companions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

तथा (tathā) - and (and, also, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

महादुःखपरीतात्मा (mahāduḥkhaparītātmā) - one whose self/soul is overwhelmed by great sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāduḥkhaparītātman

mahāduḥkhaparītātman - one whose self/soul is overwhelmed by great sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+duḥkha+parīta+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from pari- + √i (to go)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual soul
  noun (masculine)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect active

root √bhū, perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - name of a king, son of Parikṣit, to whom Vaiśampayana narrated the Mahābhārata