महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-19

द्रोणपुत्रः स कल्याणि वनं दूरमितो गतः ।
तस्य त्वं पातनं संख्ये कथं ज्ञास्यसि शोभने ॥१९॥

19. droṇaputraḥ sa kalyāṇi vanaṁ dūramito gataḥ ,
tasya tvaṁ pātanaṁ saṁkhye kathaṁ jñāsyasi śobhane.

19. droṇaputraḥ saḥ kalyāṇi vanam dūram itaḥ gataḥ
tasya tvam pātanam saṃkhye katham jñāsyasi śobhane

19. kalyāṇi,
saḥ droṇaputraḥ itaḥ dūram vanam gataḥ.
śobhane,
tvam tasya saṃkhye pātanam katham jñāsyasi?

19. O blessed one (kalyāṇi), that son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman) has gone far from here into the forest. O beautiful one (śobhane), how will you come to know of his demise in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O blessed one, O fortunate one

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• दूरम् (dūram) - far, distant

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पातनम् (pātanam) - falling, striking down, slaying

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know, you will ascertain

• शोभने (śobhane) - O beautiful one, O splendid one

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound of Droṇa and putra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of gataḥ.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇaputraḥ.

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - O blessed one, O fortunate one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - blessed, auspicious, fortunate, beautiful

Note: Address to Draupadi.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of motion implied by gataḥ.

दूरम् (dūram) - far, distant

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here.

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence

(indeclinable)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam with suffix -kta (ta)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for Droṇaputraḥ.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇaputraḥ.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of jñāsyasi.

पातनम् (pātanam) - falling, striking down, slaying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātana

pātana - causing to fall, striking down, slaying, fall

verbal noun

Derived from root pat (to fall) in causative sense (to cause to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of jñāsyasi.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, combat, war

Note: Refers to the context of the slaying.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know, you will ascertain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of jñā

Future Indicative (Parasmaipada)

Root jñā, second person singular future active.

Root: jñā (class 9)

शोभने (śobhane) - O beautiful one, O splendid one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śobhanā

śobhanā - beautiful, splendid, glorious

Note: Address to Draupadi.