महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-29

ते हयाः पुरुषव्याघ्र चोदिता वातरंहसः ।
वेगेन त्वरिता जग्मुर्हरयः शीघ्रगामिनः ॥२९॥

29. te hayāḥ puruṣavyāghra coditā vātaraṁhasaḥ ,
vegena tvaritā jagmurharayaḥ śīghragāminaḥ.

29. te hayāḥ puruṣavyāghra coditāḥ vātarahṃhasaḥ
vegena tvaritāḥ jagmuḥ harayaḥ śīghragāminaḥ

29. O tiger among men, those horses, spurred on and swift as the wind, moved quickly, resembling swift-moving lions.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those, they

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, driven

• वातरह्ंहसः (vātarahṁhasaḥ) - having the speed of wind, swift as wind

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, by force, swiftly

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - hastened, quickened, swift

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - like lions (used in simile for speed and strength) (horses, lions, sun)

• शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - swift-moving, fast-going

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the horses

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

चोदिताः (coditāḥ) - urged, impelled, driven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codita

codita - urged, impelled, driven

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √cud (चोद्) with suffix -ta

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ' (horses).

वातरह्ंहसः (vātarahṁhasaḥ) - having the speed of wind, swift as wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātarahṃhas

vātarahṁhas - wind-speed, swift as wind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+rahas)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• rahas – speed, impetuosity, secrecy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ' (horses).

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, by force, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - hastened, quickened, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - hastened, quickened, swift

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tvar (त्वर्) 'to hasten' with suffix -ita

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'hayāḥ' (horses).

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect Tense

√gam, perfect 3rd plural

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the horses.

हरयः (harayaḥ) - like lions (used in simile for speed and strength) (horses, lions, sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - lion, horse, sun, Vishnu

Note: Used in a simile, comparing the horses to lions.

शीघ्रगामिनः (śīghragāminaḥ) - swift-moving, fast-going

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swift-moving, fast-going

Agent noun

Compound of śīghra (quick) and gāmin (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – quick, swift, rapid
  adjective
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √gam with suffix -in
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'harayaḥ' (lions).