महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-28

नकुलं सारथिं कृत्वा द्रोणपुत्रवधे वृतः ।
विस्फार्य सशरं चापं तूर्णमश्वानचोदयत् ॥२८॥

28. nakulaṁ sārathiṁ kṛtvā droṇaputravadhe vṛtaḥ ,
visphārya saśaraṁ cāpaṁ tūrṇamaśvānacodayat.

28. nakulam sārathim kṛtvā droṇaputravadhe vṛtaḥ
visphārya saśaram cāpam tūrṇam aśvān acodayat

28. nakulam sārathim kṛtvā,
droṇaputravadhe vṛtaḥ,
saśaram cāpam visphārya,
tūrṇam aśvān acodayat

28. Having made Nakula his charioteer, and being intent on killing Droṇa's son, he swiftly urged the horses after stretching his arrow-equipped bow.

Words meanings summery:

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers, here acting as charioteer. (Nakula)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer, driver

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having performed

• द्रोणपुत्रवधे (droṇaputravadhe) - Refers to the act of killing Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son). (in the killing of Droṇa's son)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - Intent on (the killing of Droṇa's son). (chosen, surrounded, engaged, intent on)

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (a bow)

• सशरम् (saśaram) - Describes the bow, indicating it has an arrow on it. (with an arrow, arrow-equipped)

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, immediately

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he impelled

Words meanings and morphology

नकुलम् (nakulam) - One of the Pāṇḍava brothers, here acting as charioteer. (Nakula)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers); mongoose

Note: Direct object of 'kṛtvā' (as 'whom he made').

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer, driver

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Predicate accusative to 'kṛtvā' (as 'what he made him').

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having made, having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with the absolutive suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्रोणपुत्रवधे (droṇaputravadhe) - Refers to the act of killing Aśvatthāman (Droṇa's son). (in the killing of Droṇa's son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇaputravadha

droṇaputravadha - killing of Droṇa's son

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (droṇa+putra+vadha)

• droṇa – Droṇa (a teacher of archery)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, murder
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vadh' (a substitute for 'han' in some forms) or 'han'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates the object of the 'vṛtaḥ' (intent upon).

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - Intent on (the killing of Droṇa's son). (chosen, surrounded, engaged, intent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - chosen, selected, covered, surrounded, engaged in, intent on

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛ' (to choose, to cover) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Describes the implicit subject (Bhīmasena).

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having stretched, having drawn (a bow)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'sphṛ' (to burst, stretch) with upasarga 'vi' and the absolutive suffix -ya, often causative in meaning.

Prefix: vi

Root: sphṛ (class 6)

सशरम् (saśaram) - Describes the bow, indicating it has an arrow on it. (with an arrow, arrow-equipped)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saśara

saśara - with an arrow, provided with an arrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śara)

• sa – with, accompanied by, endowed with
  indeclinable
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'cāpam'.

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow

Note: Direct object of 'visphārya'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly, quickly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying 'acodayat'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Direct object of 'acodayat'.

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Causative Imperfect

Root cud (10th class or causative of 1st class), Causative (ṇic), Imperfect (laṅ), Active Voice (parasmaipada), 3rd Person Singular.

Root: cud (class 10)