महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-11, verse-18

धर्म्यं धर्मेण धर्मज्ञे प्राप्तास्ते निधनं शुभे ।
पुत्रास्ते भ्रातरश्चैव तान्न शोचितुमर्हसि ॥१८॥

18. dharmyaṁ dharmeṇa dharmajñe prāptāste nidhanaṁ śubhe ,
putrāste bhrātaraścaiva tānna śocitumarhasi.

18. dharmyam dharmeṇa dharmajñe prāptāḥ te nidhanam śubhe
putrāḥ te bhrātaraḥ ca eva tān na śocitum arhasi

18. dharmajñe śubhe,
te putrāḥ ca bhrātaraḥ ca eva dharmeṇa dharmyam nidhanam prāptāḥ.
tān śocitum na arhasi.

18. O knower of righteousness (dharma), O auspicious one, your sons and brothers indeed met a righteous (dharmya) death according to natural law (dharma). You should not grieve for them.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, conforming to dharma

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness, by duty, by natural law

• धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - O knower of righteousness, O one who understands dharma

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - obtained, reached, attained

• ते (te) - your

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

• शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• ते (te) - your

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

• तान् (tān) - them

• न (na) - not, no

• शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve, to mourn

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, conforming to dharma

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, lawful, just, conforming to dharma

Derived from dharma with suffix -ya

Note: Qualifies nidhanam.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by righteousness, by duty, by natural law

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution

धर्मज्ञे (dharmajñe) - O knower of righteousness, O one who understands dharma

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, understanding righteousness

Compound of dharma and jña

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, familiar with, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Address to Draupadi.

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - obtained, reached, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp with upasarga pra- and suffix -kta (ta)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to sons and brothers.

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural/dual), your (genitive)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, demise

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, demise, end

Note: Object of prāptāḥ.

शुभे (śubhe) - O auspicious one, O beautiful one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - auspicious, beautiful, bright, fortunate

Note: Address to Draupadi.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural/dual), your (genitive)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'sons' and 'brothers'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sons and brothers.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb śocitum arhasi.

शोचितुम् (śocitum) - to grieve, to mourn

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Derived from root śuc with suffix -tum

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Used with arhasi.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative (Parasmaipada)

Root arh, second person singular present active.

Root: arh (class 1)