महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-212, verse-30

कथं हि शिरसो मध्ये पदं तेन कृतं मम ।
मर्षयिष्यामि गोविन्द पादस्पर्शमिवोरगः ॥३०॥

30. kathaṁ hi śiraso madhye padaṁ tena kṛtaṁ mama ,
marṣayiṣyāmi govinda pādasparśamivoragaḥ.

30. katham hi śirasaḥ madhye padam tena kṛtam mama
marṣayiṣyāmi govinda pādasparśam iva uragaḥ

30. O Govinda, how can I possibly tolerate him placing his foot upon my head, any more than a snake would tolerate being trodden upon?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• शिरसः (śirasaḥ) - of the head

• मध्ये (madhye) - on (in the middle, in, on)

• पदम् (padam) - a foot, a step (foot, step, place, position)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Arjuna) (by him, by that)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - placed (done, made, placed)

• मम (mama) - my (referring to Balarāma's head) (my, of me)

• मर्षयिष्यामि (marṣayiṣyāmi) - I will tolerate, I will forgive

• गोविन्द (govinda) - O Krishna (O Govinda)

• पादस्पर्शम् (pādasparśam) - touch of a foot, treading upon

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शिरसः (śirasaḥ) - of the head

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

मध्ये (madhye) - on (in the middle, in, on)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

Note: Functions adverbially as 'on'.

पदम् (padam) - a foot, a step (foot, step, place, position)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, trace, position, word

Note: Refers to Arjuna's foot/step.

तेन (tena) - by him (Arjuna) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna, the subject of the previous verse.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - placed (done, made, placed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

root kṛ with suffix -ta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `padam`.

मम (mama) - my (referring to Balarāma's head) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to the speaker (Balarāma).

मर्षयिष्यामि (marṣayiṣyāmi) - I will tolerate, I will forgive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of marṣay

causative

root mṛṣ with causative suffix -i + future tense markers

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

गोविन्द (govinda) - O Krishna (O Govinda)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (an epithet of Krishna/Vishnu, protector of cows)

पादस्पर्शम् (pādasparśam) - touch of a foot, treading upon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pādasparśa

pādasparśa - touch of a foot, treading upon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+sparśa)

• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)
• sparśa – touch, contact
  noun (masculine)
  root spṛś with suffix -a
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake (literally, 'chest-goer')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving, one who goes
  noun (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  root gam with suffix -a
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject of the comparison.