महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-212, verse-21

किमिदं कुरुथाप्रज्ञास्तूष्णीं भूते जनार्दने ।
अस्य भावमविज्ञाय संक्रुद्धा मोघगर्जिताः ॥२१॥

21. kimidaṁ kuruthāprajñāstūṣṇīṁ bhūte janārdane ,
asya bhāvamavijñāya saṁkruddhā moghagarjitāḥ.

21. kim idam kuruthāḥ aprājñāḥ tūṣṇīm bhūte janārdane
asya bhāvam avijñāya saṃkruddhāḥ moghagarjitāḥ

21. What are you doing, you unwise ones, while Janārdana remains silent? Without understanding his intention, you are enraged and roaring in vain.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, how, why

• इदम् (idam) - this, that

• कुरुथाः (kuruthāḥ) - you (plural) do, you make

• अप्राज्ञाः (aprājñāḥ) - unwise ones, ignorant ones, foolish ones

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

• भूते (bhūte) - having become, being, existing

• जनार्दने (janārdane) - while Janārdana is silent (in Janārdana, with Janārdana)

• अस्य (asya) - of Janārdana (his, of this)

• भावम् (bhāvam) - intention, state, feeling, existence

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, having not known

• संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - enraged, very angry

• मोघगर्जिताः (moghagarjitāḥ) - roaring in vain, having roared in vain

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, how, why

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that

कुरुथाः (kuruthāḥ) - you (plural) do, you make

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अप्राज्ञाः (aprājñāḥ) - unwise ones, ignorant ones, foolish ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aprājña

aprājña - unwise, ignorant, foolish

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prājña)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as a vocative here.

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)

भूते (bhūte) - having become, being, existing

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhūta

bhūta - become, been, existing, a being, past participle of bhū

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root bhū (to be, to become) with the suffix -ta.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Janārdane.

जनार्दने (janārdane) - while Janārdana is silent (in Janārdana, with Janārdana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - tormentor of men, a name of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa

अस्य (asya) - of Janārdana (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

भावम् (bhāvam) - intention, state, feeling, existence

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, feeling, intention, existence, nature

Root: bhū (class 1)

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, having not known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with the negative prefix 'a-' and the absolutive suffix '-ya' after the root jñā with upasarga vi-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vijñāya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vijñāya – having known, having understood
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  Formed with the absolutive suffix '-ya' after the root jñā with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

संक्रुद्धाः (saṁkruddhāḥ) - enraged, very angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, very angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root krudh (to be angry) with the prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

मोघगर्जिताः (moghagarjitāḥ) - roaring in vain, having roared in vain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of moghagarjita

moghagarjita - roaring in vain, making useless noises, uttering vain shouts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mogha+garjita)

• mogha – vain, useless, fruitless, empty
  adjective
• garjita – roared, thundered, a roar, a thunder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root garj (to roar, thunder) with the suffix -ta.
  Root: garj (class 1)