महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-212, verse-25

ततोऽब्रवीत्कामपालो वासुदेवं परंतपम् ।
किमवागुपविष्टोऽसि प्रेक्षमाणो जनार्दन ॥२५॥

25. tato'bravītkāmapālo vāsudevaṁ paraṁtapam ,
kimavāgupaviṣṭo'si prekṣamāṇo janārdana.

25. tataḥ abravīt kāmapālaḥ vāsudevam paraṃtapam
kim avāk upaviṣṭaḥ asi prekṣamāṇaḥ janārdana

25. Then Kāmapāla (Balarāma) said to Vāsudeva (Krishna), the tormentor of enemies: "Janārdana, why are you sitting down silently, merely observing?"

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, thence

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

• कामपालः (kāmapālaḥ) - Kāmapāla (Balarāma)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - to Vāsudeva, to Krishna

• परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

• किम् (kim) - why, what, how

• अवाक् (avāk) - downward, silently, with face down

• उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, having sat down

• असि (asi) - you are

• प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing, looking on

• जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (Krishna)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, thence

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कामपालः (kāmapālaḥ) - Kāmapāla (Balarāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmapāla

kāmapāla - protector of desires; name of Balarāma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+pāla)

• kāma – desire, love, object of desire
  noun (masculine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - to Vāsudeva, to Krishna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva; Krishna

परंतपम् (paraṁtapam) - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, oppressor of foes (often an epithet)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting, asceticism
  noun (masculine)
  from √tap
  Root: tap (class 1)

किम् (kim) - why, what, how

(indeclinable)

अवाक् (avāk) - downward, silently, with face down

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, having sat down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

From verb √viś with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing, looking on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - observing, seeing, looking on

Present Middle Participle

From verb √īkṣ with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

जनार्दन (janārdana) - O Janārdana (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - exciter of men; subduer of men; Krishna