महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-109, verse-24

किं कृतं ते नरश्रेष्ठ निघ्नतो मामनागसम् ।
मुनिं मूलफलाहारं मृगवेषधरं नृप ।
वसमानमरण्येषु नित्यं शमपरायणम् ॥२४॥

24. kiṁ kṛtaṁ te naraśreṣṭha nighnato māmanāgasam ,
muniṁ mūlaphalāhāraṁ mṛgaveṣadharaṁ nṛpa ,
vasamānamaraṇyeṣu nityaṁ śamaparāyaṇam.

24. kim kṛtam te naraśreṣṭha nighnataḥ
mām anāgasam | munim mūlaphalāhāram
mṛgaveṣadharam nṛpa | vasamānam
araṇyeṣu nityam śamaparāyaṇam

24. O best among men, O king, what have you done by killing me, an innocent sage (muni), who lives on roots and fruits, disguised as a deer, dwelling in the forests, and always devoted to tranquility?

24. הו מיטב האנשים, הו מלך, מה עוולה עשיתי לך שאתה הורג אותי, אני שאין בי אשמה? אני פרוש הניזון משורשים ופירות, שלבש צורת צבי, ושוכן ביערות תמיד ומסור לשלווה.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what?

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• ते (te) - by you, to you, for you

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men, O noblest of humans

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of one who kills, by killing

• माम् (mām) - me

• अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, faultless

• मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic

• मूलफलाहारम् (mūlaphalāhāram) - subsisting on roots and fruits

• मृगवेषधरम् (mṛgaveṣadharam) - wearing the guise of a deer, in the form of a deer

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king, O ruler

• वसमानम् (vasamānam) - dwelling, residing

• अरण्येषु (araṇyeṣu) - in the forests, in the wilderness

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• शमपरायणम् (śamaparāyaṇam) - devoted to tranquility, committed to peace

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

root kṛ + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ते (te) - by you, to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Here in instrumental sense, 'by you'.

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best of men, O noblest of humans

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (good)

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of one who kills, by killing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - killing, striking down

Present Active Participle

root han with prefix ni + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Implies 'by you (who are) killing'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, faultless

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, faultless, sinless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+āgas)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• āgas – offense, fault, sin
  noun (neuter)

मुनिम् (munim) - sage, ascetic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

मूलफलाहारम् (mūlaphalāhāram) - subsisting on roots and fruits

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mūlaphalāhāra

mūlaphalāhāra - eating roots and fruits

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūla+phala+āhāra)

• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, diet, taking
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

मृगवेषधरम् (mṛgaveṣadharam) - wearing the guise of a deer, in the form of a deer

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛgaveṣadhara

mṛgaveṣadhara - wearing the dress/form of a deer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+veṣa+dhara)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• veṣa – dress, guise, disguise
  noun (masculine)
  Root: viś (class 6)
• dhara – bearing, wearing, holding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun / suffix
  root dhṛ + ac suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king, O ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

वसमानम् (vasamānam) - dwelling, residing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasamāna

vasamāna - dwelling, residing

Present Middle Participle

root vas + śānac suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

अरण्येषु (araṇyeṣu) - in the forests, in the wilderness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

शमपरायणम् (śamaparāyaṇam) - devoted to tranquility, committed to peace

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śamaparāyaṇa

śamaparāyaṇa - intent on peace/tranquility

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śama+parāyaṇa)

• śama – tranquility, peace, calmness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• parāyaṇa – devoted to, intent on, chief object
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)

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