महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-109, verse-23

त्वया नृशंसकर्तारः पापाचाराश्च मानवाः ।
निग्राह्याः पार्थिवश्रेष्ठ त्रिवर्गपरिवर्जिताः ॥२३॥

23. tvayā nṛśaṁsakartāraḥ pāpācārāśca mānavāḥ ,
nigrāhyāḥ pārthivaśreṣṭha trivargaparivarjitāḥ.

23. tvayā nṛśaṃsakartāraḥ pāpācārāḥ ca mānavāḥ |
nigrāhyāḥ pārthivaśreṣṭha trivargaparivarjitāḥ

23. O best of kings, you must restrain those cruel and sinful human beings who have abandoned the three aims of life (righteous conduct (dharma), prosperity, and pleasure).

23. הו מיטב המלכים, עליך לרסן אנשים שעושים מעשים אכזריים, שהתנהגותם חטאית ושמנותקים משלושת היעדים של היושר, העושר וההנאה.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• नृशंसकर्तारः (nṛśaṁsakartāraḥ) - doers of cruel acts, cruel perpetrators

• पापाचाराः (pāpācārāḥ) - those of sinful conduct

• च (ca) - and

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings, men

• निग्राह्याः (nigrāhyāḥ) - should be restrained, ought to be punished

• पार्थिवश्रेष्ठ (pārthivaśreṣṭha) - O best of kings, O noblest of rulers

• त्रिवर्गपरिवर्जिताः (trivargaparivarjitāḥ) - those who have abandoned the three aims of life

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvad

tvad - you

नृशंसकर्तारः (nṛśaṁsakartāraḥ) - doers of cruel acts, cruel perpetrators

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛśaṃsakartṛ

nṛśaṁsakartṛ - doer of cruel acts

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛśaṃsa+kartṛ)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked
  adjective (masculine)
• kartṛ – doer, agent, creator
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root kṛ + tṛc suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापाचाराः (pāpācārāḥ) - those of sinful conduct

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpācāra

pāpācāra - sinful conduct, evil behavior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+ācāra)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• ācāra – conduct, custom, practice
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

निग्राह्याः (nigrāhyāḥ) - should be restrained, ought to be punished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nigrāhya

nigrāhya - to be restrained, to be punished

Gerundive

root grah with prefix ni + ṇyat suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

पार्थिवश्रेष्ठ (pārthivaśreṣṭha) - O best of kings, O noblest of rulers

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthivaśreṣṭha

pārthivaśreṣṭha - best of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+śreṣṭha)

• pārthiva – earthly, king, prince
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (good)

त्रिवर्गपरिवर्जिताः (trivargaparivarjitāḥ) - those who have abandoned the three aims of life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trivargaparivarjita

trivargaparivarjita - excluded from the three aims of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trivarga+parivarjita)

• trivarga – the group of three (dharma, artha, kāma)
  noun (masculine)
• parivarjita – abandoned, excluded, forsaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root vṛj with prefix pari + kta suffix
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛj (class 10)

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