महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-109, verse-12

पाण्डुरुवाच ।
शत्रूणां या वधे वृत्तिः सा मृगाणां वधे स्मृता ।
राज्ञां मृग न मां मोहात्त्वं गर्हयितुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. pāṇḍuruvāca ,
śatrūṇāṁ yā vadhe vṛttiḥ sā mṛgāṇāṁ vadhe smṛtā ,
rājñāṁ mṛga na māṁ mohāttvaṁ garhayitumarhasi.

12. pāṇḍuḥ uvāca śatrūṇām yā vadhe vṛttiḥ sā mṛgāṇām vadhe
smṛtā rājñām mṛga na mām mohāt tvam garhayitum arhasi

12. Pandu said: "The practice (vṛtti) observed in the killing of enemies is considered (smṛtā) applicable to the killing of deer for kings. O deer, you should not censure me out of delusion (moha)."

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pandu (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

• या (yā) - which, who

• वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in slaughter

• वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct, activity, practice

• सा (sā) - that (feminine)

• मृगाणाम् (mṛgāṇām) - of deer, of animals

• वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in slaughter

• स्मृता (smṛtā) - remembered, considered, traditionally held

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• मृग (mṛga) - O deer

• न (na) - not, no

• माम् (mām) - me

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of delusion

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• गर्हयितुम् (garhayitum) - to blame, to censure

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pandu (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pandu (name of a king, father of the Pandavas)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

From root 'śat' (to cut, divide).

Root: śat (class 1)

या (yā) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in slaughter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, destruction

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

वृत्तिः (vṛttiḥ) - conduct, activity, practice

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - mode of action, conduct, activity, practice, livelihood

From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, turn).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

सा (sā) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers back to 'vṛttiḥ'.

मृगाणाम् (mṛgāṇām) - of deer, of animals

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, musk deer

Note: Genitive of possession/relation.

वधे (vadhe) - in killing, in slaughter

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, destruction

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

स्मृता (smṛtā) - remembered, considered, traditionally held

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, traditional

Past Passive Participle

From root 'smṛ' (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Genitive of agent or possession, translated as 'for kings'.

मृग (mṛga) - O deer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, musk deer

Note: Addressed to the deer.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'arhasi'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I (pronoun)

Note: Object of 'garhayitum'.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of delusion

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, confusion, infatuation, error

From root 'muh' (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Ablative of cause.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'arhasi'.

गर्हयितुम् (garhayitum) - to blame, to censure

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of garhay

Infinitive

Denominative or Causal form of root 'garh'.

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Dependent on 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Root 'arh' (to deserve).

Root: arh (class 1)