महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-109, verse-17

पाण्डुरुवाच ।
प्रमत्तमप्रमत्तं वा विवृतं घ्नन्ति चौजसा ।
उपायैरिषुभिस्तीक्ष्णैः कस्मान्मृग विगर्हसे ॥१७॥

17. pāṇḍuruvāca ,
pramattamapramattaṁ vā vivṛtaṁ ghnanti caujasā ,
upāyairiṣubhistīkṣṇaiḥ kasmānmṛga vigarhase.

17. pāṇḍuḥ uvāca pramattam apramattam vā vivṛtam ghnanti ca
ojasā upāyaiḥ iṣubhiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ kasmāt mṛga vigarhase

17. Pāṇḍu said: 'They kill with force, whether one is careless (pramatta) or attentive, or exposed (vivṛta). Why do you, O deer, censure this action, which is done through strategic means and sharp arrows?'

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pāṇḍu (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - negligent, careless, intoxicated

• अप्रमत्तम् (apramattam) - attentive, not careless, vigilant

• वा (vā) - or

• विवृतम् (vivṛtam) - exposed, uncovered, vulnerable

• घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, they strike

• च (ca) - and

• ओजसा (ojasā) - by strength, with power, forcefully

• उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by stratagems, by methods

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - by sharp (ones), by keen (ones)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• मृग (mṛga) - O deer

• विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you censure, you blame

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - Pāṇḍu (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas); pale, yellowish white

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - negligent, careless, intoxicated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, inattentive, negligent, intoxicated, excited

Past Passive Participle

past passive participle of root mad with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

अप्रमत्तम् (apramattam) - attentive, not careless, vigilant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - not careless, attentive, vigilant, sober

Past Passive Participle

negation of pramatta

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pramatta – careless, inattentive, negligent
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  past passive participle of root mad with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

विवृतम् (vivṛtam) - exposed, uncovered, vulnerable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivṛta

vivṛta - uncovered, exposed, open, manifest, vulnerable

Past Passive Participle

past passive participle of root vṛ (to cover) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛ (class 5)

घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, they strike

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ओजसा (ojasā) - by strength, with power, forcefully

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - strength, vigor, power, energy, vitality

उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means, by stratagems, by methods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upāya

upāya - means, method, expedient, stratagem, approach

derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow, dart

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - by sharp (ones), by keen (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, severe, hot

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Note: used adverbially

मृग (mṛga) - O deer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, gazelle

विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you censure, you blame

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vigarh

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)