भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-9, verse-21
ते तं भुक्त्वा स्वर्गलोकं विशालं क्षीणे पुण्ये मर्त्यलोकं विशन्ति ।
एवं त्रयीधर्ममनुप्रपन्ना गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते ॥२१॥
एवं त्रयीधर्ममनुप्रपन्ना गतागतं कामकामा लभन्ते ॥२१॥
21. te taṁ bhuktvā svargalokaṁ viśālaṁ; kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokaṁ viśanti ,
evaṁ trayīdharmamanuprapannā; gatāgataṁ kāmakāmā labhante.
evaṁ trayīdharmamanuprapannā; gatāgataṁ kāmakāmā labhante.
21.
te tam bhuktvā svargalokam viśālam
kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokam
viśanti evam trayīdharmaṃ anuprapannāḥ
gatāgatam kāmakāmāḥ labhante
kṣīṇe puṇye martyalokam
viśanti evam trayīdharmaṃ anuprapannāḥ
gatāgatam kāmakāmāḥ labhante
21.
te tam viśālam svargalokam bhuktvā
puṇye kṣīṇe martyalokam
viśanti evam trayīdharmaṃ anuprapannāḥ
kāmakāmāḥ gatāgatam labhante
puṇye kṣīṇe martyalokam
viśanti evam trayīdharmaṃ anuprapannāḥ
kāmakāmāḥ gatāgatam labhante
21.
They, having enjoyed that vast heavenly realm, re-enter the mortal world when their merit (puṇya) is exhausted. Thus, those who follow the ritual constitution (dharma) of the three Vedas, desiring worldly pleasures, attain a continuous cycle of coming and going (saṃsāra).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ते (te) - they
- तम् (tam) - that (heavenly realm) (that, him)
- भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed, having consumed
- स्वर्गलोकम् (svargalokam) - heavenly world, celestial realm
- विशालम् (viśālam) - vast, extensive, great
- क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when exhausted (exhausted, dwindled, diminished)
- पुण्ये (puṇye) - when their merit (puṇya) is exhausted (merit, good deeds, virtuousness)
- मर्त्यलोकम् (martyalokam) - mortal world, human realm
- विशन्ति (viśanti) - they enter
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner
- त्रयीधर्मं (trayīdharmaṁ) - the ritual constitution (dharma) of the three Vedas (the dharma of the three Vedas)
- अनुप्रपन्नाः (anuprapannāḥ) - those who follow (having approached, having resorted to, following)
- गतागतम् (gatāgatam) - repeated cycles of birth and death (saṃsāra) (coming and going, repeated cycles)
- कामकामाः (kāmakāmāḥ) - desiring worldly pleasures (desirous of desires, desirous of pleasure)
- लभन्ते (labhante) - they obtain, they attain, they receive
Words meanings and morphology
ते (te) - they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
तम् (tam) - that (heavenly realm) (that, him)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, him, it
Note: Refers to svargalokam
भुक्त्वा (bhuktvā) - having enjoyed, having consumed
(indeclinable)
absolutive
Formed with suffix -tvā
Root: bhuj (class 7)
स्वर्गलोकम् (svargalokam) - heavenly world, celestial realm
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of svargaloka
svargaloka - heaven, heavenly realm
Compound type : tatpurusha (svar+loka)
- svar – heaven, sky
noun (neuter) - loka – world, realm, people
noun (masculine)
विशालम् (viśālam) - vast, extensive, great
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of viśāla
viśāla - vast, extensive, great, spacious
Note: Qualifies svargalokam
क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - when exhausted (exhausted, dwindled, diminished)
(adjective)
Locative, neuter, singular of kṣīṇa
kṣīṇa - exhausted, diminished, wasted
Past Passive Participle
From root kṣi (to diminish, waste away)
Root: kṣi (class 5)
Note: Qualifies puṇye
पुण्ये (puṇye) - when their merit (puṇya) is exhausted (merit, good deeds, virtuousness)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of puṇya
puṇya - merit, virtuous act, good deed
Note: Refers to accumulated good karma (puṇya)
मर्त्यलोकम् (martyalokam) - mortal world, human realm
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of martyaloka
martyaloka - mortal world, human realm
Compound type : tatpurusha (martya+loka)
- martya – mortal, human
adjective (masculine)
Root: mṛ (class 1) - loka – world, realm, people
noun (masculine)
विशन्ति (viśanti) - they enter
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of viś
Root: viś (class 6)
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner
(indeclinable)
त्रयीधर्मं (trayīdharmaṁ) - the ritual constitution (dharma) of the three Vedas (the dharma of the three Vedas)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of trayīdharma
trayīdharma - the dharma of the three Vedas (Ṛg, Yajus, Sāman)
Compound type : tatpurusha (trayī+dharma)
- trayī – the collection of three (Vedas)
noun (feminine)
feminine form of traya (group of three) - dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
अनुप्रपन्नाः (anuprapannāḥ) - those who follow (having approached, having resorted to, following)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anuprapanna
anuprapanna - followed, resorted to, approached, attained
Past Passive Participle
From root pad (to go, move) with prefixes anu-pra
Prefixes: anu+pra
Root: pad (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'te' (they)
गतागतम् (gatāgatam) - repeated cycles of birth and death (saṃsāra) (coming and going, repeated cycles)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of gatāgata
gatāgata - coming and going, arrival and departure, repeated cycles
Compound type : dvandva (gata+āgata)
- gata – gone, departed, past
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root gam
Root: gam (class 1) - āgata – come, arrived
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root gam with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
कामकामाः (kāmakāmāḥ) - desiring worldly pleasures (desirous of desires, desirous of pleasure)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kāmakāma
kāmakāma - desirous of pleasure, full of desires
Reduplicative compound indicating intense desire
Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāma+kāma)
- kāma – desire, pleasure, love
noun (masculine)
Root: kam (class 1) - kāma – desire, pleasure, love
noun (masculine)
Root: kam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'te' (they)
लभन्ते (labhante) - they obtain, they attain, they receive
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of labh
Root: labh (class 1)
Note: Atmanepada form