योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-28

श्रीराम उवाच ।
तादृशी वज्रसारा सा शिला भंक्तुं न युज्यते ।
तथापि भवता दृष्टा लेखास्तत्कोशगाः कथम् ॥ २८ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
tādṛśī vajrasārā sā śilā bhaṃktuṃ na yujyate ,
tathāpi bhavatā dṛṣṭā lekhāstatkośagāḥ katham 28

28. śrīrāma uvāca tādṛśī vajrasārā sā śilā bhaṁktum na
yujyate tathā api bhavatā dṛṣṭā lekhāḥ tatkośagāḥ katham

28. śrīrāma uvāca sā tādṛśī vajrasārā śilā bhaṁktum na yujyate
tathā api bhavatā tatkośagāḥ lekhāḥ katham dṛṣṭā (abhuvan)?

28. Shri Rama asked: "That rock is extremely hard, like a diamond, and cannot be broken. Even so, how were those lines, which are situated within that covering, seen by you?"

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तादृशी (tādṛśī) - of that kind, such, similar

• वज्रसारा (vajrasārā) - diamond-hard, extremely strong

• सा (sā) - that (feminine)

• शिला (śilā) - rock, stone

• भंक्तुम् (bhaṁktum) - to break

• न (na) - not

• युज्यते (yujyate) - is possible/proper (is appropriate, is possible, is joined)

• तथा (tathā) - even so (thus, so, in that manner)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (hon.)

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

• लेखाः (lekhāḥ) - lines, streaks

• तत्कोशगाः (tatkośagāḥ) - located in that sheath, moving within that covering

• कथम् (katham) - how

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

From root vac, Parasmaipada, 2nd conjugation (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

तादृशी (tādṛśī) - of that kind, such, similar

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - of that kind, such, similar

From tad (that) + dṛś (to see, appear) + a (suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वज्रसारा (vajrasārā) - diamond-hard, extremely strong

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vajrasāra

vajrasāra - having the strength or essence of a diamond

Compound of vajra (diamond, thunderbolt) and sāra (essence, strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vajra+sāra)

• vajra – diamond, thunderbolt
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• sāra – essence, strength, hard core
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

सा (sā) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that

शिला (śilā) - rock, stone

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śilā

śilā - rock, stone

Root: śī (class 2)

भंक्तुम् (bhaṁktum) - to break

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root bhañj, 7th conjugation

Root: bhañj (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

युज्यते (yujyate) - is possible/proper (is appropriate, is possible, is joined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of yuj

Present passive indicative or Middle voice

From root yuj, 7th conjugation (passive stem yujya)

Root: yuj (class 7)

तथा (tathā) - even so (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (hon.)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (respectful)

Present active participle

From root bhū (to be), participle used as a pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Grammatically, `dṛṣṭāḥ` (plural) would be expected to agree with `lekhāḥ`.

लेखाः (lekhāḥ) - lines, streaks

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of lekhā

lekhā - line, streak, groove, writing

From root likh (to scratch, write)

Root: likh (class 6)

तत्कोशगाः (tatkośagāḥ) - located in that sheath, moving within that covering

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tatkośaga

tatkośaga - located or existing in that sheath/covering

Compound of tad (that), kośa (sheath, covering), and ga (going, existing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+kośa+ga)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• kośa – sheath, covering, treasury
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kuś (class 1)
• ga – going, moving, existing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)