योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-166, verse-26

श्रीराम उवाच ।
केन दृष्टा वद ब्रह्मँल्लेखास्तास्तत्र किंविधाः ।
कथं वा वद दृश्यन्ते निपिण्डोपलकोशगाः ॥ २६ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
kena dṛṣṭā vada brahmaṃllekhāstāstatra kiṃvidhāḥ ,
kathaṃ vā vada dṛśyante nipiṇḍopalakośagāḥ 26

26. śrīrāma uvāca kena dṛṣṭā vada brahman lekhāḥ tāḥ tatra
kiṁvidhāḥ katham vā vada dṛśyante nipiṇḍopalakośagāḥ

26. śrīrāma uvāca brahman,
kena tatra tāḥ lekhāḥ dṛṣṭā (bhavatā),
kiṁvidhāḥ (ca santi)? vada vā katham nipiṇḍopalakośagāḥ (satyāḥ api) dṛśyante? vada

26. Shri Rama asked: "O Brahmin, please tell me, who saw those lines there, and of what nature are they? Also, tell me, how are they visible when they are located within a dense, rocky covering?"

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by whom

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O venerable one

• लेखाः (lekhāḥ) - lines, streaks

• ताः (tāḥ) - those

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• किंविधाः (kiṁvidhāḥ) - of what kind, of what nature

• कथम् (katham) - how

• वा (vā) - or

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

• निपिण्डोपलकोशगाः (nipiṇḍopalakośagāḥ) - located in a sheath of solidified rock, moving within a solid rock enclosure

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, Shri Rama

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

From root vac, Parasmaipada, 2nd conjugation (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - seen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective or participle.

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative active

From root vad, Parasmaipada, 1st conjugation

Root: vad (class 1)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin, O venerable one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, supreme being (brahman), sacred word

Root bṛh (to grow, expand)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

लेखाः (lekhāḥ) - lines, streaks

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of lekhā

lekhā - line, streak, groove, writing

From root likh (to scratch, write)

Root: likh (class 6)

ताः (tāḥ) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

किंविधाः (kiṁvidhāḥ) - of what kind, of what nature

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kiṁvidha

kiṁvidha - of what kind, of what nature

Compound of kim (what) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+vidha)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative active

From root vad, Parasmaipada, 1st conjugation

Root: vad (class 1)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present passive indicative

From root dṛś, 1st conjugation passive stem dṛśya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निपिण्डोपलकोशगाः (nipiṇḍopalakośagāḥ) - located in a sheath of solidified rock, moving within a solid rock enclosure

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nipiṇḍopalakośaga

nipiṇḍopalakośaga - moving or existing within a sheath of solid rock

Compound of nipiṇḍa (solidified, compact), upala (rock, stone), kośa (sheath, enclosure), and ga (going, existing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nipiṇḍa+upala+kośa+ga)

• nipiṇḍa – solid, compact, consolidated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  ni-piṇḍ (root meaning 'to form a lump')
  Prefix: ni
  Root: piṇḍ (class 1)
• upala – stone, rock, gem
  noun (masculine)
• kośa – sheath, covering, treasury
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kuś (class 1)
• ga – going, moving, existing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)