योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-161, verse-32

यथा दृश्यं जगच्चेति नित्यमेकार्थतां गतौ ।
उभौ शब्दौ तथैवैतज्जाग्रत्स्वप्नात्मकौ स्मृतौ ॥ ३२ ॥

yathā dṛśyaṃ jagacceti nityamekārthatāṃ gatau ,
ubhau śabdau tathaivaitajjāgratsvapnātmakau smṛtau 32

32. yathā dṛśyam jagat ca iti nityam ekārthatām gatau
ubhau śabdau tathā eva etat jāgratsvapnātmakau smṛtau

32. yathā dṛśyam jagat ca iti ubhau śabdau nityam ekārthatām
gatau tathā eva etat jāgratsvapnātmakau smṛtau

32. Just as the terms "the seen" and "the world" are perpetually considered to have a single meaning, similarly, these two states, "waking" and "dream," are regarded as being of an identical nature (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

• दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - the seen (phenomenal world) (visible, perceivable, to be seen, the seen (phenomenal world))

• जगत् (jagat) - the world (moving, living, the world, the universe)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इति (iti) - used here to indicate the words "dṛśyam" and "jagat" (thus, so, a marker of direct speech or quotation)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - perpetually (constantly, perpetually, always, eternal)

• एकार्थताम् (ekārthatām) - a single meaning (the state of having one meaning, identity of meaning)

• गतौ (gatau) - attained, reached (the state of having one meaning) (gone, attained, reached, obtained (dual nominative/accusative masculine/neuter))

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (both (masculine/neuter dual nominative/accusative))

• शब्दौ (śabdau) - words, terms (word, sound, term (dual nominative masculine))

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, in that manner, similarly)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• एतत् (etat) - these two (states of waking and dream) (this, these)

• जाग्रत्स्वप्नात्मकौ (jāgratsvapnātmakau) - having the nature of waking and dream (states) (having the nature of waking and dream, consisting of waking and dream)

• स्मृतौ (smṛtau) - are considered (remembered, considered, traditionally known (dual masculine nominative))

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - the seen (phenomenal world) (visible, perceivable, to be seen, the seen (phenomenal world))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, to be seen, perceivable, the seen

Gerundive

Derived from root dṛś with suffix -ya

Root: dṛś (class 1)

जगत् (jagat) - the world (moving, living, the world, the universe)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - moving, living, the world, the universe

Present Active Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) by reduplication and suffix -at

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - used here to indicate the words "dṛśyam" and "jagat" (thus, so, a marker of direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - perpetually (constantly, perpetually, always, eternal)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - constant, eternal, perpetual, always existing

Note: Functions adverbially.

एकार्थताम् (ekārthatām) - a single meaning (the state of having one meaning, identity of meaning)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ekārthatā

ekārthatā - the state of having one meaning, identity of meaning, singleness of purpose

Derived from ekārtha + -tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+artha)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

गतौ (gatau) - attained, reached (the state of having one meaning) (gone, attained, reached, obtained (dual nominative/accusative masculine/neuter))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "ubhau śabdau" implicitly.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (both (masculine/neuter dual nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to "dṛśyam" and "jagat" as 'words'.

शब्दौ (śabdau) - words, terms (word, sound, term (dual nominative masculine))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śabda

śabda - sound, word, term, voice

Note: Refers to "dṛśyam" and "jagat".

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

एतत् (etat) - these two (states of waking and dream) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these, that (referring to something close or just mentioned)

जाग्रत्स्वप्नात्मकौ (jāgratsvapnātmakau) - having the nature of waking and dream (states) (having the nature of waking and dream, consisting of waking and dream)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jāgratsvapnātmaka

jāgratsvapnātmaka - having the nature of waking and dream, consisting of waking and dream

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāgrat+svapna+ātmaka)

• jāgrat – waking, awake, the waking state
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root jāgṛ (to wake) + śatṛ suffix
  Root: jāgṛ (class 2)
• svapna – sleep, dream, the dream state
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svap (class 2)
• ātmaka – having the nature of, consisting of, characterized by
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ka added to ātman

स्मृतौ (smṛtau) - are considered (remembered, considered, traditionally known (dual masculine nominative))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recalled, considered, traditional

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smṛ (to remember) + kta suffix

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate here.

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