योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-20

स्वच्छं तदा तदात्मैकं भाति चिन्मात्र खं यथा ।
स्वप्ने जागृतिवत्तद्वज्जाग्रत्स्वप्नेऽपि नान्यथा ॥ २० ॥

svacchaṃ tadā tadātmaikaṃ bhāti cinmātra khaṃ yathā ,
svapne jāgṛtivattadvajjāgratsvapne'pi nānyathā 20

20. svacchaṃ tadā ātmaikam bhāti citmātra kham yathā | svapne
jāgṛti vat tat vat jāgrat svapne api na anyathā ||

20. tadā ātmaikam svacchaṃ citmātra kham yathā bhāti
svapne jāgṛti vat tadvat jāgrat svapne api na anyathā

20. Then, that pure, singular Self (ātman) shines forth, just like the expanse of pure consciousness (citmātra) in space. Similarly, what appears in a dream is like the waking state; and in the waking state (which is itself like a dream), it is not otherwise.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वच्छं (svacchaṁ) - pure, clean, clear

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आत्मैकम् (ātmaikam) - Self-alone, singular Self

• भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, becomes visible

• चित्मात्र (citmātra) - pure consciousness, mere consciousness

• खम् (kham) - space, ether, sky, void

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream, in the dream state

• जागृति (jāgṛti) - waking, wakefulness, waking state

• वत् (vat) - like, as, similar to

• तत् (tat) - that

• वत् (vat) - like, as, similarly

• जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - waking, awake

• स्वप्ने (svapne) - in the waking state (which is like a dream) (in a dream, in the dream state)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently

Words meanings and morphology

स्वच्छं (svacchaṁ) - pure, clean, clear

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svaccha

svaccha - pure, clean, clear, transparent

Note: Agrees with 'ātmaikam' (singular Self).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base 'tad'.

Note: Adverb of time.

आत्मैकम् (ātmaikam) - Self-alone, singular Self

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātmaika

ātmaika - the sole Self, the one Self, consisting of the Self alone

Compound of 'ātman' (Self) and 'eka' (one, alone).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+eka)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle, Ego, individual soul, supreme soul (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)
• eka – one, single, alone, unique
  numeral / adjective

Note: Acts as the subject of 'bhāti'.

भाति (bhāti) - shines, appears, becomes visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhā

From root 'bhā' (to shine).

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Its subject is 'ātmaikam svacchaṃ'.

चित्मात्र (citmātra) - pure consciousness, mere consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citmātra

citmātra - mere consciousness, pure consciousness, consisting of nothing but thought

Compound of 'cit' (consciousness) and 'mātra' (mere).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (cit+mātra)

• cit – consciousness, thought, understanding, spirit
  noun (feminine)
• mātra – mere, only, measure, quantity, extent
  adjective

Note: Used adverbially or predicatively, like 'as pure consciousness'.

खम् (kham) - space, ether, sky, void

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - space, ether, sky, void, aperture, sense-organ

Note: Compared to the expanse of space.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds with 'tadvat' later in the verse.

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in a dream, in the dream state

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream, dreaming, a dream (as an object), the dream state

From root 'svap' (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

जागृति (jāgṛti) - waking, wakefulness, waking state

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāgṛti

jāgṛti - waking, wakefulness, vigilance, the waking state

From root 'jāgṛ' (to wake) + suffix 'kti'.

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

Note: Used here as part of a comparison with 'vat'.

वत् (vat) - like, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

Suffix indicating comparison, forming adverbial compounds.

Note: Forms adverbial compounds indicating similarity.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Corresponds with 'yathā' for comparison.

वत् (vat) - like, as, similarly

(indeclinable)

Suffix indicating comparison, forming adverbial compounds.

Note: Forms adverbial compounds indicating similarity.

जाग्रत् (jāgrat) - waking, awake

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, vigilant, active

Present Active Participle

From root 'jāgṛ' (to wake) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: jāgṛ (class 2)

स्वप्ने (svapne) - in the waking state (which is like a dream) (in a dream, in the dream state)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - sleep, dream, dreaming, a dream (as an object), the dream state

From root 'svap' (to sleep).

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Forms a compound 'jāgratsvapna'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'anyathā'.

अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anya' (other).

Note: Concludes the comparison, stating it is not different.

Previous Verse Next Verse