योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-23, verse-2

चरतां जगतः कोशे व्यवहारवतामपि ।
कथं विहगराजेन्द्र देहं मृत्युर्न बाधते ॥ २ ॥

caratāṃ jagataḥ kośe vyavahāravatāmapi ,
kathaṃ vihagarājendra dehaṃ mṛtyurna bādhate 2

2. caratām jagataḥ kośe vyavahāravatām api
katham vihagarājendra deham mṛtyuḥ na bādhate

2. vihagarājendra katham mṛtyuḥ na bādhate
deham api caratām vyavahāravatām jagataḥ kośe

2. O king among birds, how is it that death does not afflict the body of even those who are active and engaged in worldly affairs within the world's sphere?

Words meanings summery:

• चरताम् (caratām) - of those moving, of those acting, of those existing

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of the universe

• कोशे (kośe) - in the realm or sphere of the world (in the sheath, in the treasury, in the realm, in the body)

• व्यवहारवताम् (vyavahāravatām) - of those engaged in worldly affairs, of those having conduct, of active persons

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• विहगराजेन्द्र (vihagarājendra) - O king of birds, O Garuda

• देहम् (deham) - the body

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

• न (na) - not, no

• बाधते (bādhate) - obstructs, afflicts, pains, troubles

Words meanings and morphology

चरताम् (caratām) - of those moving, of those acting, of those existing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of carat

carat - moving, acting, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move, to walk, to act) with the -at suffix.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vyavahāravatām.

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of the universe

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

Root gam (to go) with prefix ja or from jan (to be born). Often treated as a participle gam-at with sandhi.

Root: gam (class 1)

कोशे (kośe) - in the realm or sphere of the world (in the sheath, in the treasury, in the realm, in the body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - sheath, scabbard, treasury, budget, body, sphere, layer

व्यवहारवताम् (vyavahāravatām) - of those engaged in worldly affairs, of those having conduct, of active persons

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vyavahāravat

vyavahāravat - engaged in worldly affairs, active, practical, conducting business

Possessive adjective formed from vyavahāra + vat.

Note: Qualifies the implied subject.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes vyavahāravatām.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of kim.

विहगराजेन्द्र (vihagarājendra) - O king of birds, O Garuda

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vihagarājendra

vihagarājendra - king of birds (Indra among birds)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vihaga+rāja+indra)

• vihaga – bird (literally 'sky-goer')
  noun (masculine)
  From vi (sky/bird) + ga (goer, from root gam).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – Indra (chief of gods), lord, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the interlocutor, possibly Garuda or a similar powerful bird.

देहम् (deham) - the body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

From root dih (to anoint, smear).

Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Object of bādhate.

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama (god of death)

From root mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Subject of bādhate.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb bādhate.

बाधते (bādhate) - obstructs, afflicts, pains, troubles

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh

Present Tense

ātmanepada form.

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: The verb bādh is inherently ātmanepada in this class.