योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-84, verse-45

यत्कथ्यते हि हृदयंगमयोपमानयुक्त्या गिरा मधुरयुक्तपदार्थया च ।
श्रोतुस्तदङ्ग हृदयं परितो विसारि व्याप्नोति तैलमिव वारिणि वार्य शङ्काम् ॥ ४५ ॥

yatkathyate hi hṛdayaṃgamayopamānayuktyā girā madhurayuktapadārthayā ca ,
śrotustadaṅga hṛdayaṃ parito visāri vyāpnoti tailamiva vāriṇi vārya śaṅkām 45

45. yat kathyate hi hṛdayaṅgamayā upamānayuktyā
girā madhurayuktapādārthayā ca
śrotuḥ tat aṅga hṛdayam paritaḥ visāri
vyāpnoti tailam iva vāriṇi vārya śaṅkām

45. hi aṅga yat hṛdayaṅgamayā upamānayuktyā
ca madhurayuktapādārthayā girā kathyate
tat śrotuḥ hṛdayam paritaḥ visāri
vyāpnoti śaṅkām vārya tailam iva vāriṇi

45. Indeed, whatever is narrated, O dear one, with speech that is agreeable to the heart, accompanied by apt analogies, and containing sweet and fitting substance, that completely pervades the listener's heart, just as oil spreads through water, dispelling all doubt.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever, which

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is narrated, is told

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• हृदयङ्गमया (hṛdayaṅgamayā) - by the heart-captivating, by the agreeable

• उपमानयुक्त्या (upamānayuktyā) - by means of apt analogies/illustrations

• गिरा (girā) - by speech, by words

• मधुरयुक्तपादार्थया (madhurayuktapādārthayā) - with sweet and appropriate meanings/content

• च (ca) - and

• श्रोतुः (śrotuḥ) - of the listener

• तत् (tat) - that narration/matter (that)

• अङ्ग (aṅga) - O dear one!

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

• परितः (paritaḥ) - all around, completely

• विसारि (visāri) - spreading, diffused

• व्याप्नोति (vyāpnoti) - pervades, fills, spreads over

• तैलम् (tailam) - oil

• इव (iva) - like, as

• वारिणि (vāriṇi) - in water

• वार्य (vārya) - dispelling, warding off

• शङ्काम् (śaṅkām) - doubt

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause `yat kathyate`.

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is narrated, is told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kath

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

From root `kath` (class 10), used in passive voice.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Predicate for `yat`.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

particle

हृदयङ्गमया (hṛdayaṅgamayā) - by the heart-captivating, by the agreeable

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hṛdayaṅgamā

hṛdayaṅgamā - heart-captivating, agreeable, charming, touching the heart

Upapada Tatpurusha compound (hṛdaya + ṅgamā).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (hṛdaya+ṅgamā)

• hṛdaya – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• ṅgamā – going, reaching (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Primary nominal derivative
  From root `gam` (to go) + suffix `ḍa` (P. 3.2.48), feminine form.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

उपमानयुक्त्या (upamānayuktyā) - by means of apt analogies/illustrations

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of upamānayukti

upamānayukti - apt analogy, fitting illustration, proper connection to simile

Tatpurusha compound (upamāna + yukti).

Compound type : tatpurusha (upamāna+yukti)

• upamāna – comparison, simile, analogy, illustration
  noun (neuter)
  From root `mā` (to measure, compare) with prefix `upa`.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)
• yukti – union, connection, appropriateness, method, reasoning, argument
  noun (feminine)
  From root `yuj` (to join, to connect).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Instrumental.

गिरा (girā) - by speech, by words

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, language

From root `gṛ` (to call, to sound).

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Agent of `kathyate`.

मधुरयुक्तपादार्थया (madhurayuktapādārthayā) - with sweet and appropriate meanings/content

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of madhurayuktapādārthā

madhurayuktapādārthā - having sweet and appropriate content/substance

Bahuvrīhi compound, describing `girā`. `madhura-yukta-padārtha` (possessing sweet and appropriate meanings).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhura+yukta+padārtha)

• madhura – sweet, charming, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: madh (class 4)
• yukta – joined, connected, appropriate, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `yuj` (to join) with suffix `kta`.
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• padārtha – meaning of a word, substance, category, content
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: `pada` (word) + `artha` (meaning/purpose).

Note: Qualifies `girā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

श्रोतुः (śrotuḥ) - of the listener

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śrotṛ

śrotṛ - listener, hearer

Agent noun from root `śru`.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Possessive of `hṛdayam`.

तत् (tat) - that narration/matter (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the main clause.

अङ्ग (aṅga) - O dear one!

(indeclinable)

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, core

Root: hṛ (class 1)

परितः (paritaḥ) - all around, completely

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed with suffix `tas`.

विसारि (visāri) - spreading, diffused

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of visārin

visārin - spreading, diffusing, extending

Primary Nominal Derivative (agent noun/adjective)

From root `sṛ` (to flow, to spread) with prefix `vi` and suffix `ṇini`.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Actively spreading.

व्याप्नोति (vyāpnoti) - pervades, fills, spreads over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Active Indicative

From root `āp` (class 5) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तैलम् (tailam) - oil

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of taila

taila - oil, sesame oil

From `tila` (sesame) + `aṇ` (suffix).

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison.

वारिणि (vāriṇi) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vāri

vāri - water

Note: Location for the spreading.

वार्य (vārya) - dispelling, warding off

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the causal stem `vāraya` of root `vṛ` (to ward off/prevent) with a special form of the absolutive suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action preceding or accompanying the main verb `vyāpnoti`.

शङ्काम् (śaṅkām) - doubt

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śaṅkā

śaṅkā - doubt, suspicion, fear

From root `śaṅk` (to doubt, fear).

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse