योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-84, verse-18

श्रीराम उवाच ।
तस्मादियमिति ब्रहन्व्यतिरेकार्थपञ्चमी ।
ननु किं विद्धि देवेशादभिन्नं सर्वमित्यपि ॥ १८ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
tasmādiyamiti brahanvyatirekārthapañcamī ,
nanu kiṃ viddhi deveśādabhinnaṃ sarvamityapi 18

18. śrīrāma uvāca tasmāt iyam iti brahman vyatireka-artha-pañcamī
nanu kim viddhi deveśāt abhinnam sarvam iti api

18. śrīrāma uvāca brahman tasmāt iyam vyatireka-artha-pañcamī
iti nanu kim viddhi deveśāt sarvam abhinnam iti api

18. Śrī Rāma said: O Brahmin, therefore, this ablative case (pañcamī) implies separation. But what then? Should one not know that everything is indeed non-different from the Lord of gods?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the ablative case. (this (feminine))

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or a thought

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Addressing Sage Vasistha. (O Brahmin)

• व्यतिरेक-अर्थ-पञ्चमी (vyatireka-artha-pañcamī) - Refers to the grammatical function of the pañcamī vibhakti (ablative case) to indicate difference. (ablative case signifying differentiation/separation)

• ननु (nanu) - Expresses a rhetorical question or emphasis. (indeed, really, is it not?, surely)

• किम् (kim) - Here, 'what (is to be said)?' or 'what (is the reality)?'. (what, why, whether)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• देवेशात् (deveśāt) - From the Supreme Lord. (from the lord of gods)

• अभिन्नम् (abhinnam) - non-different, identical

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of the implied statement or thought. (thus, so)

• अपि (api) - Implies 'is it not *also* (true)?'. (also, even, too)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Śrī Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – radiance, prosperity, wealth, beauty, sacred, divine
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – pleasing, charming, the seventh avatar of Vishnu
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense (Liṭ-lakāra) of the root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also function as an indeclinable 'therefore' in context. Here it means 'from that (reason)'.

इयम् (iyam) - Refers to the ablative case. (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech or a thought

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - Addressing Sage Vasistha. (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, the Absolute (neuter)

व्यतिरेक-अर्थ-पञ्चमी (vyatireka-artha-pañcamī) - Refers to the grammatical function of the pañcamī vibhakti (ablative case) to indicate difference. (ablative case signifying differentiation/separation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vyatirekārthapañcamī

vyatirekārthapañcamī - ablative case for the sense of difference or exclusion

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vyatireka+artha+pañcamī)

• vyatireka – difference, distinction, exclusion, separation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ati
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• pañcamī – fifth, the ablative case
  noun (feminine)

Note: A compound referring to the grammatical case.

ननु (nanu) - Expresses a rhetorical question or emphasis. (indeed, really, is it not?, surely)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - Here, 'what (is to be said)?' or 'what (is the reality)?'. (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Can also function as an interrogative indeclinable. Here, it functions as a neuter pronoun.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative, 2nd person singular

Imperative (Loṭ-lakāra) of the root 'vid' (to know), 2nd person singular, active voice. Belongs to the ad-ādi class (2nd conjugation).

Root: vid (class 2)

देवेशात् (deveśāt) - From the Supreme Lord. (from the lord of gods)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of deveśa

deveśa - lord of gods, a god (e.g., Shiva, Vishnu)

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+īśa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

अभिन्नम् (abhinnam) - non-different, identical

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhinna

abhinna - not different, identical, undifferentiated

Past Passive Participle (derived from 'bhid')

Derived from 'bhid' (to break/divide) with 'a-' (negation) prefix. Literally 'not broken apart'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhinna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• bhinna – broken, divided, distinct
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of the root 'bhid' (to break, divide).
  Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'sarvam'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Can also be an adjective. Here it is a substantive pronoun 'everything'.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of the implied statement or thought. (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - Implies 'is it not *also* (true)?'. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

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