योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-84, verse-19

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
उपदेशाय शास्त्रेषु जातः शब्दोऽथवार्थजः ।
प्रतियोगिव्यवच्छेदसंख्यालक्षणपक्षवान् ॥ १९ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
upadeśāya śāstreṣu jātaḥ śabdo'thavārthajaḥ ,
pratiyogivyavacchedasaṃkhyālakṣaṇapakṣavān 19

19. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca upadeśāya śāstreṣu jātaḥ śabdaḥ athavā
artha-jaḥ pratiyogivyavaccheda-saṅkhyā-lakṣaṇa-pakṣavān

19. śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca śāstreṣu upadeśāya śabdaḥ athavā artha-jaḥ
jātaḥ pratiyogivyavaccheda-saṅkhyā-lakṣaṇa-pakṣavān

19. Śrī Vasiṣṭha said: In the scriptures (śāstra), for the purpose of instruction (upadeśa), a word (śabda) or a generated meaning (artha) comes into being. It possesses the aspects of distinguishing counter-correlates, making divisions, enumerating, and characterizing.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Sage Vasistha

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उपदेशाय (upadeśāya) - for instruction, for teaching

• शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - Referring to linguistic expression. (word, sound, speech)

• अथवा (athavā) - or, or else

• अर्थ-जः (artha-jaḥ) - Referring to the meaning (artha) that arises or is expressed. (born of meaning, meaning-generated)

• प्रतियोगिव्यवच्छेद-सङ्ख्या-लक्षण-पक्षवान् (pratiyogivyavaccheda-saṅkhyā-lakṣaṇa-pakṣavān) - Describes how language and concepts differentiate and categorize reality. (possessing the aspects of distinguishing counter-correlates, divisions, enumeration, and characteristics.)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठ (śrīvasiṣṭha) - Sage Vasistha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Revered Vasiṣṭha, a Vedic sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – radiance, prosperity, wealth, beauty, sacred, divine
  noun (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – most excellent, a famous Vedic sage
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense (Liṭ-lakāra) of the root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form.

Root: vac (class 2)

उपदेशाय (upadeśāya) - for instruction, for teaching

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, teaching, advice, spiritual guidance

Derived from 'diś' (to point) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

शास्त्रेषु (śāstreṣu) - in the scriptures

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, treatise, rule, religious or scientific text

Derived from root 'śās' (to teach, instruct).

Root: śās (class 2)

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, arisen, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root 'jan' (to be born, to produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaḥ'.

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - Referring to linguistic expression. (word, sound, speech)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - word, sound, speech, voice

अथवा (athavā) - or, or else

(indeclinable)

अर्थ-जः (artha-jaḥ) - Referring to the meaning (artha) that arises or is expressed. (born of meaning, meaning-generated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthaja

arthaja - meaning-born, produced from meaning, originating from purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+ja)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating 'born from' or 'produced'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaḥ'.

प्रतियोगिव्यवच्छेद-सङ्ख्या-लक्षण-पक्षवान् (pratiyogivyavaccheda-saṅkhyā-lakṣaṇa-pakṣavān) - Describes how language and concepts differentiate and categorize reality. (possessing the aspects of distinguishing counter-correlates, divisions, enumeration, and characteristics.)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiyogivyavacchedasaṅkhyālakṣaṇapakṣavat

pratiyogivyavacchedasaṅkhyālakṣaṇapakṣavat - having the aspects of distinguishing counter-correlates, divisions, numbers, and characteristics

Compound adjective ending with suffix '-vat' indicating possession.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pratiyogivyavaccheda+saṅkhyā+lakṣaṇa+pakṣavat)

• pratiyogivyavaccheda – differentiation of counter-correlates, distinction from opposites
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: pratiyogi (counter-correlate) + vyavaccheda (differentiation).
  Prefix: vi
• saṅkhyā – number, enumeration, calculation
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: sam
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, definition, attribute
  noun (neuter)
• pakṣavat – having sides, having aspects, having characteristics
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'pakṣa' (side, aspect) with suffix '-vat' (possessive).

Note: Qualifies 'śabdaḥ' or 'arthajaḥ'.

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