योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-115, verse-4

श्रीराम उवाच ।
अहो नु चित्रं पद्मोत्थैर्बद्धास्तन्तुभिरद्रयः ।
अविद्यमाना या विद्या तया सर्वे वशीकृताः ॥ ४ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
aho nu citraṃ padmotthairbaddhāstantubhiradrayaḥ ,
avidyamānā yā vidyā tayā sarve vaśīkṛtāḥ 4

4. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca aho nu citram padma utthaiḥ baddhāḥ
tantubhiḥ adrayaḥ avidyamānā yā vidyā tayā sarve vaśīkṛtāḥ

4. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca aho nu citram padma utthaiḥ tantubhiḥ
adrayaḥ baddhāḥ yā avidyamānā vidyā tayā sarve vaśīkṛtāḥ

4. Śrī Rāma said: Oh, how astonishing it is! It is as if mountains are bound by threads born from a lotus. All beings are indeed subjugated by a knowledge (vidyā) that, in truth, does not even exist.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Prince Rāma (who is speaking) (Śrī Rāma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (introducing the narration) (spoke, said)

• अहो (aho) - Oh, how! (Oh!, Ah! (exclamation))

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (now, then, indeed, an interrogative particle)

• चित्रम् (citram) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, strange)

• पद्म (padma) - a lotus (flower) (lotus)

• उत्थैः (utthaiḥ) - by those born from a lotus (by those arisen/born from)

• बद्धाः (baddhāḥ) - bound (bound, tied, restrained)

• तन्तुभिः (tantubhiḥ) - by threads (by threads, by filaments)

• अद्रयः (adrayaḥ) - mountains (mountains, rocks)

• अविद्यमाना (avidyamānā) - non-existent, not truly existing (non-existent, not existing)

• या (yā) - which (which, what (feminine))

• विद्या (vidyā) - (illusionary) knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science (vidyā))

• तया (tayā) - by that (non-existent knowledge) (by that (feminine))

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (beings) (all, everyone)

• वशीकृताः (vaśīkṛtāḥ) - subjugated, brought under control

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Prince Rāma (who is speaking) (Śrī Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - The revered Rāma

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (introducing the narration) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अहो (aho) - Oh, how! (Oh!, Ah! (exclamation))

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (now, then, indeed, an interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

चित्रम् (citram) - astonishing (wonderful, amazing, strange)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - variegated, distinct, wonderful, astonishing, painting

Note: An exclamation (how wonderful!).

पद्म (padma) - a lotus (flower) (lotus)

(noun)

of padma

padma - lotus (flower)

उत्थैः (utthaiḥ) - by those born from a lotus (by those arisen/born from)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uttha

uttha - arisen, born from, produced from

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from √sthā (to stand) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tantubhiḥ.

बद्धाः (baddhāḥ) - bound (bound, tied, restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of baddha

baddha - bound, tied, fastened, imprisoned, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from √bandh (to bind).

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective for adrayaḥ.

तन्तुभिः (tantubhiḥ) - by threads (by threads, by filaments)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tantu

tantu - thread, cord, filament

Note: Refers to the lotus fibers.

अद्रयः (adrayaḥ) - mountains (mountains, rocks)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adri

adri - mountain, rock, stone, cloud

From √ad (to eat).

Root: ad (class 2)

अविद्यमाना (avidyamānā) - non-existent, not truly existing (non-existent, not existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyamāna

avidyamāna - not existing, non-existent, absent

present active participle (negative)

Present Active Participle from √vid (to be) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : privative (a+vidyamāna)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vidyamāna – existing, being present
  adjective (feminine)
  present active participle
  Present Active Participle from √vid (to be).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Refers to vidyā.

या (yā) - which (which, what (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Nominative singular feminine form of yad.

विद्या (vidyā) - (illusionary) knowledge (vidyā) (knowledge, learning, science (vidyā))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, philosophy, lore (vidyā)

From √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Translated as 'knowledge (vidyā)'.

तया (tayā) - by that (non-existent knowledge) (by that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Instrumental singular feminine form of tad.

Note: Agent of passive verb vaśīkṛtāḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (beings) (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Nominative plural masculine form of sarva.

Note: Subject of the passive verb vaśīkṛtāḥ.

वशीकृताः (vaśīkṛtāḥ) - subjugated, brought under control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaśīkṛta

vaśīkṛta - subjugated, brought under one's power, tamed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from vaśa (control) + √kṛ (to make) + suffix -ī.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vaśa+kṛta)

• vaśa – will, power, control
  noun (masculine)
  Stem of vaśī (bringing under control).
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for sarve.