वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-4, verse-27

अथोपरिष्टाद्गच्छन् वै वृषभस्थो हरः प्रभुः ।
अपश्यदुमया सार्धं रुदन्तं राक्षसात्मजम् ॥२७॥

27. athopariṣṭādgacchan vai vṛṣabhastho haraḥ prabhuḥ ,
apaśyadumayā sārdhaṃ rudantaṃ rākṣasātmajam.

27. atha upariṣṭāt gacchan vai vṛṣabhasthaḥ haraḥ
prabhuḥ apaśyat umayā sārdham rudantam rākṣasātmajam

27. atha vai vṛṣabhasthaḥ gacchan prabhuḥ haraḥ
umayā sārdham rudantam rākṣasātmajam apaśyat

27. Then, indeed, Lord Hara (Shiva), riding on his bull and moving through the sky, saw the demoness's son (rākṣasātmajam) crying, accompanied by Uma.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - moving through the sky (from above) (above, upwards, from above)

• गच्छन् (gacchan) - going, moving

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

• वृषभस्थः (vṛṣabhasthaḥ) - riding on his bull (Nandin) (situated on a bull, riding a bull)

• हरः (haraḥ) - Hara (name of Shiva)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord, master, powerful

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• उमया (umayā) - accompanied by Uma (Parvati) (with Uma)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• रुदन्तम् (rudantam) - crying, weeping

• राक्षसात्मजम् (rākṣasātmajam) - the demoness's son (rākṣasātmajam) (son of the demoness)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उपरिष्टात् (upariṣṭāt) - moving through the sky (from above) (above, upwards, from above)

(indeclinable)

upari (above) + āt (suffix indicating direction/position)

गच्छन् (gacchan) - going, moving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gacchant

gacchant - going, moving

Present Active Participle

gam (root to go) + śatṛ (suffix for PAP)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'haraḥ prabhuḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वृषभस्थः (vṛṣabhasthaḥ) - riding on his bull (Nandin) (situated on a bull, riding a bull)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabhastha

vṛṣabhastha - situated on a bull

vṛṣabha (bull) + stha (standing, situated)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛṣabha+stha)

• vṛṣabha – bull
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ
• stha – standing, situated, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'haraḥ prabhuḥ'.

हरः (haraḥ) - Hara (name of Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hara

hara - Hara, a name of Shiva (lit. 'the remover' or 'destroyer')

From root hṛ (to take away, destroy)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - lord, master, powerful

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful

pra (prefix) + bhū (root to be, become)

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Appositive for 'haraḥ'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ)

parasmaipada, 3rd person singular; root dṛś becomes paśya in present/imperfect forms

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उमया (umayā) - accompanied by Uma (Parvati) (with Uma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Uma, a name of Parvati

Note: Used with 'sārdham'.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

रुदन्तम् (rudantam) - crying, weeping

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rudant

rudant - crying, weeping

Present Active Participle

rud (root to cry) + śatṛ (suffix for PAP)

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'rākṣasātmajam'.

राक्षसात्मजम् (rākṣasātmajam) - the demoness's son (rākṣasātmajam) (son of the demoness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasātmaja

rākṣasātmaja - son of a demoness

rākṣasī (demoness) + ātmaja (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasī+ātmaja)

• rākṣasī – demoness
  noun (feminine)
• ātmaja – born of oneself, child, son
  noun (masculine)
  ātman (self) + ja (born from)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.