वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-4, verse-6

क एषां पूर्वको ब्रह्मन् किंनामा किंतपोबलः ।
अपराधं च कं प्राप्य विष्णुना द्राविताः पुरा ॥६॥

6. ka eṣāṃ pūrvako brahman kiṃnāmā kiṃtapobalaḥ ,
aparādhaṃ ca kaṃ prāpya viṣṇunā drāvitāḥ purā.

6. kaḥ eṣām pūrvakaḥ brahman kiṃnāmā kiṃtapobalaḥ
aparādham ca kam prāpya viṣṇunā drāvitāḥ purā

6. brahman eṣām kaḥ pūrvakaḥ kiṃnāmā kiṃtapobalaḥ (ca āsīt)? ca kam aparādham prāpya,
viṣṇunā purā drāvitāḥ?

6. O Brahmā, who among them was their progenitor, what was his name, and what was the strength of his austerity (tapas)? And having committed what offense, were they formerly driven away by Viṣṇu?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, among these

• पूर्वकः (pūrvakaḥ) - progenitor (former, first, ancestor, progenitor)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmā (O Brahmā, O Brāhmaṇa)

• किंनामा (kiṁnāmā) - named what?, what is his name?

• किंतपोबलः (kiṁtapobalaḥ) - what was the strength of his austerity (tapas)?

• अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense, transgression, fault

• च (ca) - and, also

• कम् (kam) - which, what

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having committed (having obtained, having reached, having committed)

• विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu

• द्राविताः (drāvitāḥ) - were caused to flee, driven away

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, among these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the Rākṣasas mentioned.

पूर्वकः (pūrvakaḥ) - progenitor (former, first, ancestor, progenitor)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvaka

pūrvaka - former, prior, preceding, progenitor, ancestor

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ'.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmā (O Brahmā, O Brāhmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator deity), a Brāhmaṇa, the Absolute (brahman)

किंनामा (kiṁnāmā) - named what?, what is his name?

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃnāman

kiṁnāman - having what name, named what?

Bahuvrīhi compound 'what name (is to him)'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+nāman)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• nāman – name
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ' (who).

किंतपोबलः (kiṁtapobalaḥ) - what was the strength of his austerity (tapas)?

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṃtapobala

kiṁtapobala - having what strength of austerity?

Bahuvrīhi compound 'whose strength of austerity (tapas) is what'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+tapas+bala)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• tapas – austerity (tapas), penance
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ' (who).

अपराधम् (aparādham) - offense, transgression, fault

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparādha

aparādha - offense, transgression, fault, crime

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two questions.

कम् (kam) - which, what

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Agrees with 'aparādham'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having committed (having obtained, having reached, having committed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'pra', and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Indicates a prior action.

विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (a major deity in Hinduism)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

द्राविताः (drāvitāḥ) - were caused to flee, driven away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of drāvita

drāvita - caused to run, driven away, melted

Causative Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run, flow) in causative sense 'drāvaya' (to cause to run), then P.P.P. suffix -ita

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Rākṣasas).

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.