वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-17, verse-5

कस्यासि दुहिता भद्रे को वा भर्ता तवानघे ।
पृच्छतः शंस मे शीघ्रं को वा हेतुस्तपोऽर्जने ॥५॥

5. kasyāsi duhitā bhadre ko vā bhartā tavānaghe ,
pṛcchataḥ śaṃsa me śīghraṃ ko vā hetustapo'rjane.

5. kasyāḥ asi duhitā bhadre kaḥ vā bhartā tava anaghe
pṛcchataḥ śaṃsa me śīghram kaḥ vā hetuḥ tapaḥ arjane

5. bhadre,
kasyāḥ duhitā asi? anaghe,
vā kaḥ tava bhartā? pṛcchataḥ me śīghram śaṃsa,
vā kaḥ tapaḥ arjane hetuḥ?

5. O gentle lady, whose daughter are you? Or, O faultless one, who is your husband? Tell me quickly, as I ask, what is the reason for undertaking these austerities (tapas)?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्याः (kasyāḥ) - whose

• असि (asi) - you are

• दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O gentle lady, O auspicious one

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• वा (vā) - or

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

• तव (tava) - your

• अनघे (anaghe) - O faultless one, O sinless one

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of one who asks, to me who asks

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

• मे (me) - to me, my

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• वा (vā) - or

• हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause, reason

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• अर्जने (arjane) - for undertaking (austerities) (in acquiring, for obtaining, for undertaking)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्याः (kasyāḥ) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 2nd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

दुहिता (duhitā) - daughter

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

भद्रे (bhadre) - O gentle lady, O auspicious one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - auspicious, good, gentle, excellent (feminine)

Note: Used as an address.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, lord, supporter, master

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

अनघे (anaghe) - O faultless one, O sinless one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of anaghā

anaghā - faultless, sinless, pure (feminine)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+agha)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, fault, evil
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as an address.

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - of one who asks, to me who asks

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking, inquiring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies "me".

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects alternatives.

हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause, reason

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, austerity, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

अर्जने (arjane) - for undertaking (austerities) (in acquiring, for obtaining, for undertaking)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of arjana

arjana - acquiring, earning, obtaining

Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Implies "in the matter of undertaking" or "for undertaking".