वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-17, verse-4

किमिदं वर्तसे भद्रे विरुद्धं यौवनस्य ते ।
न हि युक्ता तवैतस्य रूपस्येयं प्रतिक्रिया ॥४॥

4. kimidaṃ vartase bhadre viruddhaṃ yauvanasya te ,
na hi yuktā tavaitasya rūpasyeyaṃ pratikriyā.

4. kim idam vartase bhadre viruddham yauvanasya te
na hi yuktā tava etasya rūpasya iyam pratikriyā

4. bhadre,
kim idam te yauvanasya viruddham vartase? hi tava etasya rūpasya iyam pratikriyā na yuktā.

4. O gentle lady, why are you engaging in this (vow) that is contrary to your youth? Surely, such a practice is not fitting for your beauty.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• इदम् (idam) - this ascetic practice (this)

• वर्तसे (vartase) - you are engaged in, you observe (you are, you exist, you observe)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O gentle lady, O auspicious one

• विरुद्धम् (viruddham) - contrary, opposed, against

• यौवनस्य (yauvanasya) - of youth

• ते (te) - your

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• युक्ता (yuktā) - proper, fit, suitable

• तव (tava) - your

• एतस्य (etasya) - of this

• रूपस्य (rūpasya) - of form, of beauty

• इयम् (iyam) - this

• प्रतिक्रिया (pratikriyā) - practice (of austerity) (counteraction, remedy, practice, suitable action)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Often used as an interrogative adverb meaning "why".

इदम् (idam) - this ascetic practice (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Refers to her ascetic practice.

वर्तसे (vartase) - you are engaged in, you observe (you are, you exist, you observe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to her conduct or practice.

भद्रे (bhadre) - O gentle lady, O auspicious one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - auspicious, good, gentle, excellent (feminine)

Note: Used as an address.

विरुद्धम् (viruddham) - contrary, opposed, against

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viruddha

viruddha - opposed, contrary, obstructed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root rudh with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with "idam".

यौवनस्य (yauvanasya) - of youth

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, adolescence

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

युक्ता (yuktā) - proper, fit, suitable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, endowed with, suitable, proper

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with "iyam pratikriyā".

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

एतस्य (etasya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

रूपस्य (rūpasya) - of form, of beauty

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, beauty, appearance

इयम् (iyam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

प्रतिक्रिया (pratikriyā) - practice (of austerity) (counteraction, remedy, practice, suitable action)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pratikriyā

pratikriyā - counter-action, remedy, retribution, practice

Root: kṛ (class 8)