वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-73, verse-16

दृष्ट्वैव तु रथस्थं तं पर्यवर्तत तद्बलम् ।
रक्षसां भीमवेगानां लक्ष्मणेन युयुत्सताम् ॥१६॥

16. dṛṣṭvaiva tu rathasthaṃ taṃ paryavartata tadbalam ,
rakṣasāṃ bhīmavegānāṃ lakṣmaṇena yuyutsatām.

16. dṛṣṭvā eva tu rathastham tam pari avartata tat
balam rakṣasām bhīma vegānām lakṣmaṇena yuyutsatām

16. tu dṛṣṭvā eva taṃ rathastham lakṣmaṇena yuyutsatām
bhīma vegānām rakṣasām tat balam pari avartata

16. Just upon seeing him stationed in the chariot, that army of demons, possessing terrifying speed and eager to fight Lakṣmaṇa, turned around and rallied.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - situated in the chariot, mounted on the chariot

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• परि (pari) - around, completely

• अवर्तत (avartata) - turned, moved, rallied

• तत् (tat) - that

• बलम् (balam) - army, force

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons

• भीम (bhīma) - dreadful, terrifying

• वेगानाम् (vegānām) - of speeds, impetuousness

• लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakṣmaṇa

• युयुत्सताम् (yuyutsatām) - of those desiring to fight, eager to fight

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - situated in the chariot, mounted on the chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Indrajit.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Indrajit.

परि (pari) - around, completely

(indeclinable)

Note: Preverb (upasarga) for 'avartata'

अवर्तत (avartata) - turned, moved, rallied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of root 'vṛt'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Forms 'paryavartata' with preverb 'pari'

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'balam'

बलम् (balam) - army, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power; army, force

Note: Subject of 'paryavartata'

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the demons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit

Note: Referring to the army (balam) belonging to the demons.

भीम (bhīma) - dreadful, terrifying

(adjective)

masculine, plural of bhīma

bhīma - dreadful, terrible, formidable

From root 'bhī' (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: First part of the Bahuvrīhi compound 'bhīmavegānām'

वेगानाम् (vegānām) - of speeds, impetuousness

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impetus, force

From root 'vij' (to move rapidly)

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Second part of the Bahuvrīhi compound 'bhīmavegānām', meaning 'whose speed is terrifying'. Modifies 'rakṣasām'.

लक्ष्मणेन (lakṣmaṇena) - by Lakṣmaṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (brother of Rama)

Note: Agent of the desiderative participle 'yuyutsatām'

युयुत्सताम् (yuyutsatām) - of those desiring to fight, eager to fight

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yuyutsat

yuyutsat - desiring to fight

Desiderative Present Participle

Desiderative stem of root 'yudh' (to fight) with present participle suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rakṣasām'