वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-73, verse-14

वृक्षान्धकारान्निष्क्रम्य जातक्रोधः स रावणिः ।
आरुरोह रथं सज्जं पूर्वयुक्तं स राक्षसः ॥१४॥

14. vṛkṣāndhakārānniṣkramya jātakrodhaḥ sa rāvaṇiḥ ,
āruroha rathaṃ sajjaṃ pūrvayuktaṃ sa rākṣasaḥ.

14. vṛkṣa andhakārāt niṣkramya jāta krodhaḥ sa rāvaṇiḥ
ārūroha ratham sajjam pūrva yuktam sa rākṣasaḥ

14. saḥ rāvaṇiḥ rākṣasaḥ vṛkṣa andhakārāt niṣkramya
jāta krodhaḥ sajjam pūrva yuktam ratham ārūroha

14. Having emerged from the darkness of the trees, that enraged son of Rāvaṇa (rāvaṇi), the demon, mounted his ready and previously yoked chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) - tree

• अन्धकारात् (andhakārāt) - from darkness, from obscurity

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having come out, having emerged

• जात (jāta) - born, produced, arisen

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger, wrath

• स (sa) - he, that

• रावणिः (rāvaṇiḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Rāvaṇa (son of Rāvaṇa)

• आरूरोह (ārūroha) - mounted, ascended

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

• सज्जम् (sajjam) - ready, equipped, prepared

• पूर्व (pūrva) - before, formerly, previously

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked, joined, prepared

• स (sa) - he, that

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, evil spirit

Words meanings and morphology

वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) - tree

(noun)

masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: First part of the compound 'vṛkṣāndhakārāt'

अन्धकारात् (andhakārāt) - from darkness, from obscurity

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of andhakāra

andhakāra - darkness, obscurity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (andha+kāra)

• andha – blind, dark
  adjective
• kāra – maker, doer, causing, hand
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Second part of the compound 'vṛkṣāndhakārāt'

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having come out, having emerged

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Root 'kram' (to step, go) with prefix 'nis' (out, forth)

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

जात (jāta) - born, produced, arisen

(adjective)

masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (to be born, produce)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: First part of the Bahuvrīhi compound 'jātakrodhaḥ'

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger, wrath

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

From root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Second part of the Bahuvrīhi compound 'jātakrodhaḥ', meaning 'one by whom anger has arisen'.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रावणिः (rāvaṇiḥ) - Indrajit, the son of Rāvaṇa (son of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇi

rāvaṇi - descendant of Rāvaṇa, son of Rāvaṇa

Vṛddhi derivative from Rāvaṇa, indicating progeny.

आरूरोह (ārūroha) - mounted, ascended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ārūroha

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'ruh' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

सज्जम् (sajjam) - ready, equipped, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sajja

sajja - ready, equipped, prepared

Note: Modifies 'ratham'

पूर्व (pūrva) - before, formerly, previously

(adjective)

masculine, singular of pūrva

pūrva - former, prior, earlier; east

Note: First part of the compound 'pūrvayuktam'

युक्तम् (yuktam) - yoked, joined, prepared

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - yoked, joined, connected, prepared, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yuj' (to yoke, join)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Second part of the compound 'pūrvayuktam', meaning 'previously yoked'. Modifies 'ratham'.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, evil spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, evil spirit; belonging to rākṣasas

From 'rakṣas' (demon)