वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-32, verse-4

स दृष्ट्वा वानरैः सर्वां वसुधां कवलीकृताम् ।
कथं क्षपयितव्याः स्युरिति चिन्तापरो ऽभवत् ॥४॥

4. sa dṛṣṭvā vānaraiḥ sarvāṃ vasudhāṃ kavalīkṛtām ,
kathaṃ kṣapayitavyāḥ syuriti cintāparo'bhavat.

4. saḥ dṛṣṭvā vānaraiḥ sarvām vasudhām kavalīkṛtām
katham kṣapayitavyāḥ syuḥ iti cintāparaḥ abhavat

4. saḥ vānaraiḥ sarvām kavalīkṛtām vasudhām dṛṣṭvā,
(ime) katham kṣapayitavyāḥ syuḥ iti cintāparaḥ abhavat

4. Having seen the entire earth completely covered by the monkeys, he became absorbed in thought, wondering, "How are they to be destroyed?"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - the entire, all

• वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - the earth

• कवलीकृताम् (kavalīkṛtām) - made into a mouthful, devoured, entirely occupied/covered

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• क्षपयितव्याः (kṣapayitavyāḥ) - are to be destroyed, fit to be destroyed

• स्युः (syuḥ) - may they be, they should be

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks a quote/thought)

• चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - absorbed in thought, engrossed in worry

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from √dṛś + tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - the entire, all

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with vasudhām

वसुधाम् (vasudhām) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vasudhā

vasudhā - earth, ground

कवलीकृताम् (kavalīkṛtām) - made into a mouthful, devoured, entirely occupied/covered

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kavalīkṛta

kavalīkṛta - made into a mouthful, devoured, occupied, covered

Past Passive Participle

from kavalī-√kṛ (to make into a mouthful)

Compound type : cvi-compound (kavala+ī+kṛta)

• kavala – a mouthful, a morsel
  noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with vasudhām

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

क्षपयितव्याः (kṣapayitavyāḥ) - are to be destroyed, fit to be destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣapayitavya

kṣapayitavya - to be destroyed, destructible

Gerundive/kṛtya

from causative of √kṣi (to destroy) + tavya

Root: kṣi (class 1)

स्युः (syuḥ) - may they be, they should be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, potential (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Potential Mood

3rd person plural, potential (vidhi-liṅ) Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner (marks a quote/thought)

(indeclinable)

चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - absorbed in thought, engrossed in worry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintāpara

cintāpara - absorbed in thought, engrossed in reflection/worry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cintā+para)

• cintā – thought, reflection, worry
  noun (feminine)
• para – devoted to, intent on, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implicit 'he' (saḥ)

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, imperfect active, Parasmaipada

Root: bhū (class 1)

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