वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-26, verse-8

हीयमानेन कर्तव्यो राज्ञा संधिः समेन च ।
न शत्रुमवमन्येत ज्यायान् कुर्वीत विग्रहम् ॥८॥

8. hīyamānena kartavyo rājñā saṃdhiḥ samena ca ,
na śatrumavamanyeta jyāyān kurvīta vigraham.

8. hīyamānena kartavyaḥ rājñā sandhiḥ samena ca
na śatrum avamanyeta jyāyān kurvīta vigraham

8. hīyamānena rājñā samena ca sandhiḥ kartavyaḥ.
śatrum na avamanyeta.
jyāyān vigraham kurvīta.

8. A king who is declining should form an alliance with an equal. One should not underestimate an enemy. A more powerful king, however, should wage war.

Words meanings summery:

• हीयमानेन (hīyamānena) - by a king who is declining (in power) (by one who is losing, by one who is declining, by one who is inferior)

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be made (an alliance) (should be done, ought to be performed)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king (by a king, by the ruler)

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (alliance, treaty, union, peace)

• समेन (samena) - with an equal (king/power) (by an equal, with an equal, by a similar one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - an enemy (enemy, foe)

• अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should underestimate (should despise, should underestimate)

• ज्यायान् (jyāyān) - a more powerful (king) (a stronger one, a superior one, an older one)

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should wage (war) (should do, should make, should perform)

• विग्रहम् (vigraham) - war (war, separation, conflict, dispute)

Words meanings and morphology

हीयमानेन (hīyamānena) - by a king who is declining (in power) (by one who is losing, by one who is declining, by one who is inferior)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hīyamāna

hīyamāna - declining, losing, decreasing, inferior

Present Passive Participle

From root √hā (to abandon, forsake, leave, lose) + present passive participle suffix śānac

Root: hā (class 3)

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be made (an alliance) (should be done, ought to be performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, to be performed

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root √kṛ (to do, to make) + tavya suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king (by a king, by the ruler)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance (alliance, treaty, union, peace)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, junction, peace, treaty, alliance, compact

From sam-dhā (to put together)

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

समेन (samena) - with an equal (king/power) (by an equal, with an equal, by a similar one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sama

sama - equal, similar, even, same, common

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - an enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

अवमन्येत (avamanyeta) - should underestimate (should despise, should underestimate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of avaman

From prefix ava + root √man

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

ज्यायान् (jyāyān) - a more powerful (king) (a stronger one, a superior one, an older one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyāyas

jyāyas - superior, stronger, greater, older

Comparative form

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - should wage (war) (should do, should make, should perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

ātmanepada form of optative

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विग्रहम् (vigraham) - war (war, separation, conflict, dispute)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vigraha

vigraha - separation, division, dispute, war, conflict

From vi-grah (to seize, to separate)

Prefix: vi

Root: grah (class 9)