वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-26, verse-18

जुह्वत्यग्नींश्च विधिवद्वेदांश्चोच्चैरधीयते ।
अभिभूय च रक्षांसि ब्रह्मघोषानुदैरयन् ।
दिशो विप्रद्रुताः सर्वे स्तनयित्नुरिवोष्णगे ॥१८॥

18. juhvatyagnīṃśca vidhivadvedāṃścoccairadhīyate ,
abhibhūya ca rakṣāṃsi brahmaghoṣānudairayan ,
diśo vipradrutāḥ sarve stanayitnurivoṣṇage.

18. juhvati agnīn ca vidhivat vedān ca
uccaiḥ adhīyate abhibhūya ca rakṣāṃsi
brahmaghoṣān udairayan diśaḥ
vipradrutāḥ sarve stanayitnuḥ iva uṣṇage

18. ete (implied subject) vidhivat agnīn
juhvati ca uccaiḥ vedān adhīyate ca rakṣāṃsi
abhibhūya brahmaghoṣān udairayan sarve
diśaḥ vipradrutāḥ uṣṇage stanayitnuḥ iva

18. They methodically offer oblations into the sacred fires and loudly recite the Vedas. And having overcome the rākṣasas, they raise the sounds of Vedic chanting (brahmaghoṣa). All (enemies from) the directions flee, just like (they would from) a thunderclap in the hot season.

Words meanings summery:

• जुह्वति (juhvati) - they offer oblations (into the fire) (they offer oblations, they sacrifice)

• अग्नीन् (agnīn) - sacred fires (fires, sacred fires)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - methodically (according to rule, methodically, properly)

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, high, elevated)

• अधीयते (adhīyate) - they recite/study (they study, they learn)

• अभिभूय (abhibhūya) - having overcome (having overcome, having subdued, having conquered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - rākṣasas (demonic beings) (rākṣasas, demons, protectors)

• ब्रह्मघोषान् (brahmaghoṣān) - sounds of Vedic chanting (brahmaghoṣa) (sounds of Brahman, Vedic chants, shouts of sacred knowledge)

• उदैरयन् (udairayan) - they raise/utter (they raised, they uttered, they produced)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

• विप्रद्रुताः (vipradrutāḥ) - scattered and fled (scattered, fled, dispersed)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• स्तनयित्नुः (stanayitnuḥ) - a thunderclap (thunder, a thunderclap)

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• उष्णगे (uṣṇage) - in the hot season (in the hot season, in summer)

Words meanings and morphology

जुह्वति (juhvati) - they offer oblations (into the fire) (they offer oblations, they sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of hu

Present tense, active voice

Class 3 verb (reduplicating).

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Subject is the sages/dvijātayaḥ (implied).

अग्नीन् (agnīn) - sacred fires (fires, sacred fires)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of agni

agni - fire, sacred fire, god of fire

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - methodically (according to rule, methodically, properly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'vidhi' (rule, method) with suffix -vat.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adverb modifying 'juhvati' and 'adhīyate'.

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (the Vedas, sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, knowledge

From √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly (loudly, high, elevated)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Adverb modifying 'adhīyate'.

अधीयते (adhīyate) - they recite/study (they study, they learn)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of adhi + i

Present tense, middle voice

From adhi-√i (to go, move), here used in the sense of studying. Class 2 verb.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: The 'adhīyate' form is middle voice, fitting for 'studying (for oneself)'.

अभिभूय (abhibhūya) - having overcome (having overcome, having subdued, having conquered)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From abhi-√bhū (to overcome, overpower).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - rākṣasas (demonic beings) (rākṣasas, demons, protectors)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - rākṣasa (demon), evil spirit, harm

From √rakṣ (to protect, but here means something to be protected from, i.e., demon).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: s-stem noun.

ब्रह्मघोषान् (brahmaghoṣān) - sounds of Vedic chanting (brahmaghoṣa) (sounds of Brahman, Vedic chants, shouts of sacred knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of brahmaghoṣa

brahmaghoṣa - sound of Brahman, Vedic chant, shout of sacred knowledge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+ghoṣa)

• brahman – Brahman, sacred utterance, Veda, priest
  noun (neuter)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar, chant
  noun (masculine)
  From √ghuṣ (to sound, proclaim)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

उदैरयन् (udairayan) - they raise/utter (they raised, they uttered, they produced)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ud + īr

Imperfect tense, active voice

From ud-√īr (to stir, send forth), Class 2 verb. 'airayan' is the imperfect form.

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions (directions, quarters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Refers to the directions from which the rākṣasas flee.

विप्रद्रुताः (vipradrutāḥ) - scattered and fled (scattered, fled, dispersed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipradruta

vipradruta - scattered, fled, dispersed, run away

Past Passive Participle

From vi-pra-√dru (to run, flee).

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The passive participle describes the state of having fled.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

स्तनयित्नुः (stanayitnuḥ) - a thunderclap (thunder, a thunderclap)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stanayitnu

stanayitnu - thunder, a thunderclap, a roaring sound

From √stan (to thunder, roar)

Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Used in a simile.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

उष्णगे (uṣṇage) - in the hot season (in the hot season, in summer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of uṣṇaga

uṣṇaga - hot season, summer

From uṣṇa (hot) + ga (going, pertaining to).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uṣṇa+ga)

• uṣṇa – hot, warm, passionate
  adjective (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, relating to (often as suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  From √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: 'uṣṇaga' can mean 'hot season' or 'summer'.