वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-49, verse-9

ततस्तद्बिलमासाद्य सुगन्धि दुरतिक्रमम् ।
विस्मयव्यग्रमनसो बभूवुर्वानरर्षभाः ॥९॥

9. tatastadbilamāsādya sugandhi duratikramam ,
vismayavyagramanaso babhūvurvānararṣabhāḥ.

9. tataḥ tat bilam āsādya sugandhi duratikramam
vismayavyagramanasaḥ babhūvuḥ vānararṣabhāḥ

9. tataḥ vānararṣabhāḥ tat sugandhi duratikramam
bilam āsādya vismayavyagramanasaḥ babhūvuḥ

9. Then, upon reaching that fragrant and formidable cave, the chief monkeys became astonished and agitated in mind.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• तत् (tat) - that (particular) (that, it)

• बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (hole, cave, opening, cavern)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached (the cave) (having reached, having attained, having come to)

• सुगन्धि (sugandhi) - fragrant (fragrant, sweet-smelling)

• दुरतिक्रमम् (duratikramam) - formidable, difficult to traverse (difficult to overcome, difficult to pass, inaccessible, formidable)

• विस्मयव्यग्रमनसः (vismayavyagramanasaḥ) - astonished and agitated in mind (whose minds are agitated by wonder/astonishment)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

• वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - the chief monkeys (chief monkeys, best of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Suffixed with -tas to tad (that)

तत् (tat) - that (particular) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (hole, cave, opening, cavern)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - a hole, a cave, a cavern, an opening

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached (the cave) (having reached, having attained, having come to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

ā- + √sad + -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

सुगन्धि (sugandhi) - fragrant (fragrant, sweet-smelling)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sugandhin

sugandhin - fragrant, sweet-smelling, perfume

su (good) + gandha (smell)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+gandha)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• gandha – smell, fragrance, odor
  noun (masculine)

दुरतिक्रमम् (duratikramam) - formidable, difficult to traverse (difficult to overcome, difficult to pass, inaccessible, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duratikrama

duratikrama - difficult to overcome, inaccessible, hard to pass, formidable

dur (bad/difficult) + ati (beyond) + √kram (step)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+atikrama)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• atikrama – transgression, passing beyond, difficulty
  noun (masculine)
  ati (beyond) + √kram (step)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

विस्मयव्यग्रमनसः (vismayavyagramanasaḥ) - astonished and agitated in mind (whose minds are agitated by wonder/astonishment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismayavyagramanas

vismayavyagramanas - one whose mind is agitated by wonder, astonished and anxious

vismaya (wonder) + vyagra (agitated) + manas (mind)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vismaya+vyagra+manas)

• vismaya – wonder, astonishment, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  vi + √smi (to wonder)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)
• vyagra – agitated, perplexed, intent on
  adjective (masculine)
  vi + √ag (to move, go)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ag (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)

वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - the chief monkeys (chief monkeys, best of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānararṣabha

vānararṣabha - best of monkeys, chief monkey

vānara (monkey) + ṛṣabha (bull, best)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+ṛṣabha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

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