वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-49, verse-15

इत्युक्तास्तद्बिलं सर्वे विविशुस्तिमिरावृतम् ।
अचन्द्रसूर्यं हरयो ददृशू रोमहर्षणम् ॥१५॥

15. ityuktāstadbilaṃ sarve viviśustimirāvṛtam ,
acandrasūryaṃ harayo dadṛśū romaharṣaṇam.

15. iti uktāḥ tat bilam sarve viviśuḥ timirāvṛtam
acandrasūryam harayaḥ dadṛśuḥ romaharṣaṇam

15. iti uktāḥ sarve tat bilam viviśuḥ.
harayaḥ timirāvṛtam acandrasūryam romaharṣaṇam dadṛśuḥ

15. Having been spoken to in this manner, all of them entered that cavern, which was enveloped in darkness, without sun or moon. The monkeys saw it as a terrifying (romaharṣaṇa) sight.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

• उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - having been spoken to (spoken, said, having been said)

• तत् (tat) - that

• बिलम् (bilam) - cave, hole, cavern

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• तिमिरावृतम् (timirāvṛtam) - covered with darkness, enveloped in gloom

• अचन्द्रसूर्यम् (acandrasūryam) - without moon or sun

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

• रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - terrifying, causing hair to stand on end

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्ताः (uktāḥ) - having been spoken to (spoken, said, having been said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बिलम् (bilam) - cave, hole, cavern

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - cave, hole, cavern

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viś

Root viś (class 6) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: viś (class 6)

तिमिरावृतम् (timirāvṛtam) - covered with darkness, enveloped in gloom

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of timirāvṛta

timirāvṛta - covered/enveloped in darkness

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (timira+āvṛta)

• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• āvṛta – covered, enveloped, surrounded (PPP of ā-vṛ)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root vṛ (to cover) with upasarga ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ

अचन्द्रसूर्यम् (acandrasūryam) - without moon or sun

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of acandrasūrya

acandrasūrya - without moon and sun

Bahuvrīhi compound (na candraḥ sūryaś ca yatra tad)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+candra+sūrya)

• a – not, un- (negation prefix)
  indeclinable
• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)

हरयः (harayaḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, tawny, lion, Vishnu

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root dṛś (class 1)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रोमहर्षणम् (romaharṣaṇam) - terrifying, causing hair to stand on end

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - causing hair to bristle (thrilling, terrifying)

Tatpuruṣa compound (romanām harṣaṇam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing excitement, thrilling, bristling
  adjective
  Agent noun / Action noun
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to bristle, rejoice)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)