वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-9

राज्यहेतोः स चेद्भ्राता भ्राता रौद्रेण पातितः ।
रामेण प्रसृतैर्दूरान्मार्गणैर्दूर पातिभिः ॥९॥

9. rājyahetoḥ sa cedbhrātā bhrātā raudreṇa pātitaḥ ,
rāmeṇa prasṛtairdūrānmārgaṇairdūra pātibhiḥ.

9. rājyahetoḥ sa cet bhrātā bhrātā raudreṇa pātitaḥ
rāmeṇa prasṛtaiḥ dūrāt mārgaṇaiḥ dūrapātibhiḥ

9. saḥ bhrātā cet rājyahetoḥ bhrātā raudreṇa rāmeṇa
dūrāt prasṛtaiḥ dūrapātibhiḥ mārgaṇaiḥ pātitaḥ

9. If, for the sake of the kingdom, that brother (Vālin) was slain—yes, brother—by the cruel Rāma, with far-reaching arrows shot from afar.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यहेतोः (rājyahetoḥ) - for the sake of the kingdom, due to kingship

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - Vālin, the slain brother (brother)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - Used rhetorically to emphasize the relationship of the slain, or to refer to Sugrīva as the instigator. (brother)

• रौद्रेण (raudreṇa) - by the cruel, by the fierce

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - slain, caused to fall

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• प्रसृतैः (prasṛtaiḥ) - by far-reaching, by spread-out

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

• मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows, by seekers

• दूरपातिभिः (dūrapātibhiḥ) - by far-falling, by far-reaching

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यहेतोः (rājyahetoḥ) - for the sake of the kingdom, due to kingship

(indeclinable)

Fifth or sixth case, singular, used as an indeclinable 'hetoḥ'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+hetu)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty, royal power
  noun (neuter)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

Note: Ablative form used as an adverb.

स (sa) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Sandhi form of 'saḥ'.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

Note: Forms a conditional clause.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - Vālin, the slain brother (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

r-stem noun.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - Used rhetorically to emphasize the relationship of the slain, or to refer to Sugrīva as the instigator. (brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

r-stem noun.

रौद्रेण (raudreṇa) - by the cruel, by the fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of raudra

raudra - cruel, fierce, terrible, belonging to Rudra

From 'rudra'.

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - slain, caused to fall

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - slain, caused to fall, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Causative stem of root 'pat' (to fall) + 'kta'.

Root: pat (class 1)

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

a-stem noun.

प्रसृतैः (prasṛtaiḥ) - by far-reaching, by spread-out

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prasṛta

prasṛta - spread out, extended, far-reaching, flowed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sṛ' (to go, flow) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular neuter or masculine used adverbially.

Note: Sandhi form of 'dūrāt'.

मार्गणैः (mārgaṇaiḥ) - by arrows, by seekers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mārgaṇa

mārgaṇa - arrow, seeking, investigation, beggar

From root 'mṛg' (to seek).

Root: mṛg (class 10)

दूरपातिभिः (dūrapātibhiḥ) - by far-falling, by far-reaching

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dūrapātin

dūrapātin - far-falling, far-reaching, striking from a distance

From 'dūra' (far) + 'pātin' (falling, from root 'pat').

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (dūra+pātin)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  noun (neuter)
• pātin – falling, striking, dropping
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / Participle (ṇini)
  From root 'pat' (to fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)

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