वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-25

नागहेतोः सुपर्णेन चैत्यमुन्मथितं यथा ।
अवष्टभ्यावतिष्ठन्तं ददर्श धनुरूर्जितम् ॥२५॥

25. nāgahetoḥ suparṇena caityamunmathitaṃ yathā ,
avaṣṭabhyāvatiṣṭhantaṃ dadarśa dhanurūrjitam.

25. nāgahetoḥ suparṇena caityam unmathitam yathā
avaṣṭabhya avatiṣṭhantam dadarśa dhanuḥ ūrjitam

25. yathā suparṇena nāgahetoḥ caityam unmathitam,
saḥ (implied) avaṣṭabhya avatiṣṭhantam (tam) ca ūrjitam dhanuḥ dadarśa

25. Just as a sacred tree (caitya) is uprooted by Suparṇa (Garuḍa) for the sake of the Nāgas (serpent deities), (so too the observer) saw (the hero, previously described, still) standing firm, having grasped (his weapon), and (he saw) his mighty bow.

Words meanings summery:

• नागहेतोः (nāgahetoḥ) - for the sake of the Nāgas (serpent deities) (for the sake of Nāgas, because of Nāgas)

• सुपर्णेन (suparṇena) - by Suparṇa (Garuḍa) (by Suparṇa (Garuḍa), by a beautiful-winged one)

• चैत्यम् (caityam) - sacred tree (or shrine) (shrine, sacred tree, monument)

• उन्मथितम् (unmathitam) - uprooted (uprooted, destroyed, churned, stirred)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, just as)

• अवष्टभ्य (avaṣṭabhya) - having grasped (his weapon/ground) (having grasped, having supported, having leaned on)

• अवतिष्ठन्तम् (avatiṣṭhantam) - standing firm (despite his fall) (standing, remaining, abiding)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - (he) saw (he saw, beheld, perceived)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• ऊर्जितम् (ūrjitam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, strong, vigorous)

Words meanings and morphology

नागहेतोः (nāgahetoḥ) - for the sake of the Nāgas (serpent deities) (for the sake of Nāgas, because of Nāgas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nāgahetu

nāgahetu - cause of serpents, for the sake of serpents

Compound formed with 'hetu' (cause, reason).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+hetu)

• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant, a race of mythical serpent-beings
  noun (masculine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, instrument
  noun (masculine)

Note: It is often used with ablative or genitive endings to mean 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

सुपर्णेन (suparṇena) - by Suparṇa (Garuḍa) (by Suparṇa (Garuḍa), by a beautiful-winged one)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings, a bird, an eagle, Garuḍa (mythical king of birds)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix 'su'
• parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

चैत्यम् (caityam) - sacred tree (or shrine) (shrine, sacred tree, monument)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caitya

caitya - sacred tree, shrine, monumental building, place of worship

Derived from cit- (to collect, build).

Root: cit (class 1)

उन्मथितम् (unmathitam) - uprooted (uprooted, destroyed, churned, stirred)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of unmathita

unmathita - uprooted, destroyed, churned, violently agitated

Past Passive Participle

From root math- with prefix ut- and then un- before m.

Prefix: ut

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'caityam'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, like, just as)

(indeclinable)

अवष्टभ्य (avaṣṭabhya) - having grasped (his weapon/ground) (having grasped, having supported, having leaned on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root stambh- with prefix ava- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ava

Root: stambh (class 9)

अवतिष्ठन्तम् (avatiṣṭhantam) - standing firm (despite his fall) (standing, remaining, abiding)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avatiṣṭhat

avatiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, abiding, firm, steadfast

Present Active Participle

From root sthā- with prefix ava- and suffix -at (śatṛ).

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This describes the state of the hero being observed.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - (he) saw (he saw, beheld, perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Formed from root dṛś-. Reduplicated perfect.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The subject 'he' is implied.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, a measure of length

ऊर्जितम् (ūrjitam) - mighty (mighty, powerful, strong, vigorous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ūrjita

ūrjita - mighty, powerful, strong, vigorous, exalted

Past Passive Participle

From root ūrj- (to be strong, invigorate) with suffix -ta.

Root: ūrj (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, agreeing with 'dhanuḥ'.

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