वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-20

एवमुक्त्वा प्रदुद्राव रुदती शोककर्शिता ।
शिरश्चोरश्च बाहुभ्यां दुःखेन समभिघ्नती ॥२०॥

20. evamuktvā pradudrāva rudatī śokakarśitā ,
śiraścoraśca bāhubhyāṃ duḥkhena samabhighnatī.

20. evam uktvā pradudrāva rudatī śokakarśitā śiraḥ
ca uraḥ ca bāhubhyām duḥkhena samabhighnatī

20. evam uktvā śokakarśitā rudatī sā pradudrāva
duḥkhena bāhubhyām śiraḥ ca uraḥ ca samabhighnatī

20. Having spoken thus, emaciated by sorrow, she ran forward weeping, sorrowfully striking her head and chest with both her arms.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - she ran forward, hurried forth

• रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying (feminine)

• शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, tormented by sorrow

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• च (ca) - and

• उरः (uraḥ) - chest, breast

• च (ca) - and

• बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms, by two arms

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - sorrowfully, painfully (manner of striking) (by sorrow, with pain, sorrowfully)

• समभिघ्नती (samabhighnatī) - striking her head and chest (striking repeatedly, beating, hitting)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive of root vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - she ran forward, hurried forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pradru

Perfect

Third person singular, active voice, perfect tense of root dru (class 1) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root rud (class 2), feminine nominative singular

Root: rud (class 2)

शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, tormented by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarśita

śokakarśita - emaciated/distressed by sorrow/grief

Past Passive Participle

Compound: śoka (grief) + karśita (emaciated, distressed, PPP of root kṛś 'to become thin').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+karśita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, attenuated, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root kṛś (class 1) 'to make thin, weaken'
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Tārā).

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

S-stem neuter noun

Note: Object of 'samabhighnatī'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

उरः (uraḥ) - chest, breast

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, heart, front

S-stem neuter noun

Note: Object of 'samabhighnatī'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

बाहुभ्याम् (bāhubhyām) - with two arms, by two arms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

U-stem noun

Note: Indicates the instrument of striking.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - sorrowfully, painfully (manner of striking) (by sorrow, with pain, sorrowfully)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery, difficulty

From dus (bad) + kha (axle hole, space, sky, sense organ). Metaphorically, a bad axle hole.

समभिघ्नती (samabhighnatī) - striking her head and chest (striking repeatedly, beating, hitting)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samabhighnat

samabhighnat - striking, beating, hitting

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root han (class 2) with upasargas sam-abhi-. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: han (class 2)

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