वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-4

सा सपुत्राप्रियं श्रुत्वा वधं भर्तुः सुदारुणम् ।
निष्पपात भृशं त्रस्ता विविधाद्गिरिगह्वरात् ॥४॥

4. sā saputrāpriyaṃ śrutvā vadhaṃ bhartuḥ sudāruṇam ,
niṣpapāta bhṛśaṃ trastā vividhādgirigahvarāt.

4. sā saputrā apriyam śrutvā vadham bhartuḥ sudāruṇam
niṣpapāta bhṛśam trastā vividhāt girigahvarāt

4. sā saputrā bhartuḥ sudāruṇam apriyam vadham śrutvā
bhṛśam trastā vividhāt girigahvarāt niṣpapāta

4. Upon hearing the very terrible and unwelcome news of her husband's death, she, accompanied by her son, greatly terrified, rushed out from the various mountain caves.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - (referring to Tara) (she)

• सपुत्रा (saputrā) - with her son

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - (news) (unpleasant, unwelcome)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

• वधम् (vadham) - death, killing

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of her husband

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly cruel

• निष्पपात (niṣpapāta) - she rushed out, sprang forth, fell down

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, severely, intensely

• त्रस्ता (trastā) - terrified, frightened

• विविधात् (vividhāt) - from various, from diverse

• गिरिगह्वरात् (girigahvarāt) - from the mountain cave/lair

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - (referring to Tara) (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

सपुत्रा (saputrā) - with her son

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saputra

saputra - accompanied by a son, having a son

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+putra)

• sa – with, accompanied by, together with
  indeclinable
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - (news) (unpleasant, unwelcome)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome, hated

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, pleasing, beloved
  adjective

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, upon hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: śru (class 1)

वधम् (vadham) - death, killing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, death, murder, slaying

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of her husband

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master, lord

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - very terrible, exceedingly cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly cruel, extremely harsh

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, harsh, cruel, hard
  adjective

निष्पपात (niṣpapāta) - she rushed out, sprang forth, fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of pat

Perfect Indicative

Prefix: nis

Root: pat (class 1)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, severely, intensely

(indeclinable)

त्रस्ता (trastā) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Root: tras (class 1)

विविधात् (vividhāt) - from various, from diverse

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine/neuter, singular of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

गिरिगह्वरात् (girigahvarāt) - from the mountain cave/lair

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of girigahvara

girigahvara - mountain cave, mountain cavern, mountain lair

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (giri+gahvara)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• gahvara – cave, cavern, abyss, ravine
  noun (neuter)

Previous Verse Next Verse