वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-6

सा ददर्श ततस्त्रस्तान् हरीनापततो द्रुतम् ।
यूथादिव परिभ्रष्टान्मृगान्निहतयूथपान् ॥६॥

6. sā dadarśa tatastrastān harīnāpatato drutam ,
yūthādiva paribhraṣṭānmṛgānnihatayūthapān.

6. sā dadarśa tataḥ trastān harīn āpatataḥ drutam
yūthāt iva paribhraṣṭān mṛgān nihatayūthapān

6. sā tataḥ drutam āpatataḥ trastān nihatayūthapān
yūthāt iva paribhraṣṭān mṛgān harīn dadarśa

6. She then saw the terrified monkeys rushing quickly, scattered like deer whose leaders had been slain from their herd.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

• हरीन् (harīn) - monkeys, brown-colored ones

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - rushing, falling upon

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

• यूथात् (yūthāt) - from a herd, from a multitude

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• परिभ्रष्टान् (paribhraṣṭān) - scattered, separated, fallen off

• मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer, wild animals

• निहतयूथपान् (nihatayūthapān) - whose leaders were killed, whose herd-masters were slain

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Intensive/reduplicated perfect form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'tad'.

त्रस्तान् (trastān) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tras' (to tremble, be afraid).

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'harīn'.

हरीन् (harīn) - monkeys, brown-colored ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, sun, Viṣṇu, brown/tawny color

i-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - rushing, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - rushing, falling upon, approaching

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'harīn'.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Neuter accusative singular of 'druta' used adverbially.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying 'āpatataḥ'.

यूथात् (yūthāt) - from a herd, from a multitude

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yūtha

yūtha - herd, flock, multitude, troop

a-stem noun.

Note: Indicates source of separation.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

परिभ्रष्टान् (paribhraṣṭān) - scattered, separated, fallen off

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paribhraṣṭa

paribhraṣṭa - scattered, fallen, separated, lost

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhraś' (to fall, deviate) with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: bhraś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mṛgān' and by extension 'harīn'.

मृगान् (mṛgān) - deer, wild animals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, antelope, wild animal

a-stem noun.

Note: Object of comparison with 'harīn'.

निहतयूथपान् (nihatayūthapān) - whose leaders were killed, whose herd-masters were slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nihatayūthapa

nihatayūthapa - having slain leaders (of a herd/group)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nihata+yūthapa)

• nihata – killed, slain, struck down
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• yūthapa – herd-master, leader of a group
  noun (masculine)

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