वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-17

अल्पान्तरगतानां तु श्रुत्वा वचनमङ्गना ।
आत्मनः प्रतिरूपं सा बभाषे चारुहासिनी ॥१७॥

17. alpāntaragatānāṃ tu śrutvā vacanamaṅganā ,
ātmanaḥ pratirūpaṃ sā babhāṣe cāruhāsinī.

17. alpa-antara-gatānām tu śrutvā vacanam aṅganā
| ātmanaḥ pratirūpam sā babhāṣe cāru-hāsinī

17. tu aṅganā cāru-hāsinī alpa-antara-gatānām
vacanam śrutvā sā ātmanaḥ pratirūpam babhāṣe

17. But when she, the beautiful-smiling woman, heard the words of those who had gone a short distance, she spoke words appropriate to her own (ātman) nature.

Words meanings summery:

• अल्प-अन्तर-गतानाम् (alpa-antara-gatānām) - of those who had gone a short distance

• तु (tu) - but, yet, however, on the other hand

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• अङ्गना (aṅganā) - woman, lady

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of her own (ātman) nature (of oneself, of the self (ātman), of the soul)

• प्रतिरूपम् (pratirūpam) - words appropriate to her nature (appropriate form, corresponding image, suitable)

• सा (sā) - The woman (aṅganā) (she, that (feminine))

• बभाषे (babhāṣe) - she spoke, she said

• चारु-हासिनी (cāru-hāsinī) - beautiful-smiling, gracefully-laughing

Words meanings and morphology

अल्प-अन्तर-गतानाम् (alpa-antara-gatānām) - of those who had gone a short distance

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of alpa-antara-gata

alpa-antara-gata - having gone a short distance

Past Passive Participle

Compound: alpa (small) + antara (interval/distance) + gata (gone). Gata is PPP of root gam.

Compound type : tatpurusha (alpa+antara+gata)

• alpa – small, little, short
  adjective (masculine)
• antara – interval, distance, space, difference
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) with suffix -kta.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied noun (e.g., 'puruṣāṇām', 'of the men').

तु (tu) - but, yet, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Gerund indicating a prior action.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, statement

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

अङ्गना (aṅganā) - woman, lady

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aṅganā

aṅganā - woman, lady, girl

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of her own (ātman) nature (of oneself, of the self (ātman), of the soul)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, nature, mind

Note: Possessive, 'of herself'.

प्रतिरूपम् (pratirūpam) - words appropriate to her nature (appropriate form, corresponding image, suitable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratirūpa

pratirūpa - similar, corresponding, appropriate, an image, a counterpart

Compound: prati (against, corresponding) + rūpa (form, nature).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prati+rūpa)

• prati – towards, against, corresponding to
  indeclinable
  Prefix/preposition.
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

सा (sā) - The woman (aṅganā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine nominative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to 'aṅganā'.

बभाषे (babhāṣe) - she spoke, she said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of bhāṣ

Perfect Middle 3rd Person Singular

From root bhāṣ (class 1, ātmanepada), Perfect (liṭ), middle voice, 3rd person singular.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

चारु-हासिनी (cāru-hāsinī) - beautiful-smiling, gracefully-laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cāru-hāsin

cāru-hāsin - having a beautiful smile, gracefully laughing

Compound: cāru (beautiful) + hāsin (smiling).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (cāru+hāsin)

• cāru – beautiful, charming, lovely
  adjective (masculine)
• hāsin – smiling, laughing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  From root has (to laugh, smile) with suffix -in.
  Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aṅganā' and 'sā'.

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