वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-7

तानुवाच समासाद्य दुःखितान्दुःखिता सती ।
राम वित्रासितान् सर्वाननुबद्धानिवेषुभिः ॥७॥

7. tānuvāca samāsādya duḥkhitānduḥkhitā satī ,
rāma vitrāsitān sarvānanubaddhāniveṣubhiḥ.

7. tān uvāca samāsādya duḥkhitān duḥkhitā satī
rāmavitrāsitān sarvān anubaddhān iva iṣubhiḥ

7. duḥkhitā satī samāsādya दुःखितान् rāmavitrāsitān
iṣubhiḥ iva anubaddhān sarvān tān uvāca

7. Being distressed herself, she approached all those frightened and distressed monkeys, who seemed terrified by Rāma and as if pursued by arrows, and then she spoke to them.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural accusative)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

• दुःखितान् (duḥkhitān) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful (feminine)

• सती (satī) - being, existing (feminine)

• रामवित्रासितान् (rāmavitrāsitān) - terrified by Rāma

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

• अनुबद्धान् (anubaddhān) - pursued, tied, bound

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root 'vac' (vacā, uvāca).

Root: vac (class 2)

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having reached

(indeclinable)

Gerundive / Absolutive (lyap)

From root 'sad' (to sit, go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'uvāca'.

दुःखितान् (duḥkhitān) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From 'duḥkha' (suffering) + 'ita' suffix.

Root: duḥkh

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From 'duḥkha' (suffering) + 'ita' suffix.

Root: duḥkh

सती (satī) - being, existing (feminine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Feminine nominative singular of 'sat' (from root 'as', to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'uvāca'.

रामवित्रासितान् (rāmavitrāsitān) - terrified by Rāma

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rāmavitrāsita

rāmavitrāsita - terrified by Rāma

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+vitrāsita)

• rāma – Rāma (proper name), pleasing, dark-colored
  proper noun (masculine)
• vitrāsita – terrified, frightened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tras' (to tremble, fear) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tras (class 1)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, every

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अनुबद्धान् (anubaddhān) - pursued, tied, bound

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anubaddha

anubaddha - pursued, tied, bound, connected

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bandh' (to bind) with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: bandh (class 9)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

इषुभिः (iṣubhiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of iṣu

iṣu - arrow, dart

u-stem noun.

Note: Instrument of being pursued.

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