वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-29

विषादमगमत् कष्टं
दृष्ट्वा चाङ्गदमागतम् ॥२९॥

29. viṣādamagamat kaṣṭaṃ
dṛṣṭvā cāṅgadamāgatam.

29. viṣādam agamat kaṣṭam
dṛṣṭvā ca aṅgadam āgatam

29. dṛṣṭvā āgatam aṅgadam ca
kaṣṭam viṣādam agamat

29. (Sugriva) was overcome with grievous dejection, having also seen Angada who had arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection (dejection, despondency, despair (accusative singular))

• अगमत् (agamat) - was overcome (literally, 'reached') (he went, he reached, he obtained (imperfect tense, 3rd person singular))

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - grievous (grievous, difficult, bad (accusative masculine/neuter singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen (absolutive/gerund))

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• अङ्गदम् (aṅgadam) - Angada (son of Vali) (Angada (accusative singular))

• आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (arrived, come, returned (past passive participle, accusative masculine singular))

Words meanings and morphology

विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection (dejection, despondency, despair (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sadness, despair

From vi (upasarga) + root sad (to sink).

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb agamat.

अगमत् (agamat) - was overcome (literally, 'reached') (he went, he reached, he obtained (imperfect tense, 3rd person singular))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

imperfect tense

Root gam (to go), imperfect tense a-augment.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is Sugriva (implied from context).

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - grievous (grievous, difficult, bad (accusative masculine/neuter singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, grievous, bad, troubled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root kaṣ (to scratch, rub, torment).

Root: kaṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with viṣādaṃ.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen (absolutive/gerund))

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive from root dṛś (to see) + suffix tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects seeing Mandodari's grief to seeing Angada's arrival.

अङ्गदम् (aṅgadam) - Angada (son of Vali) (Angada (accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (name of Vali's son)

Literally "ornament for the arm/limb".

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

आगतम् (āgatam) - who had arrived (arrived, come, returned (past passive participle, accusative masculine singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned, approached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ā (upasarga) + root gam (to go) + past passive participle suffix kta.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes Angada.

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