वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-28

रुरोद सा पतिं दृष्ट्वा संदितं मृत्युदामभिः ।
तामवेक्ष्य तु सुग्रीवः क्रोशन्तीं कुररीमिव ॥२८॥

28. ruroda sā patiṃ dṛṣṭvā saṃditaṃ mṛtyudāmabhiḥ ,
tāmavekṣya tu sugrīvaḥ krośantīṃ kurarīmiva.

28. ruroda sā patim dṛṣṭvā sanditam mṛtyudāmabhiḥ
tām avekṣya tu sugrīvaḥ krośantīm kurarīm iva

28. sā dṛṣṭvā mṛtyudāmabhiḥ sanditam patim ruroda
tu sugrīvaḥ krośantīm kurarīm iva tām avekṣya

28. She (Mandodari) wept, having seen her husband, as if bound by the snares of death. But Sugriva, having observed her wailing like a female osprey...

Words meanings summery:

• रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept (she wept, he/she cried (perfect tense, 3rd person singular))

• सा (sā) - she (Mandodari) (she (nominative feminine singular))

• पतिम् (patim) - her husband (Ravana) (husband, lord, master (accusative singular))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen (absolutive/gerund))

• सन्दितम् (sanditam) - as if bound (by the snares of death) (bound, fettered, tied up (accusative masculine singular))

• मृत्युदामभिः (mṛtyudāmabhiḥ) - by the snares of death (by the ropes/snares of death (instrumental plural))

• ताम् (tām) - her (Mandodari) (her (accusative feminine singular))

• अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed (having looked at, having observed (absolutive/gerund))

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (Sugriva (nominative masculine singular))

• क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - wailing (crying out, wailing (present participle, feminine accusative singular))

• कुररीम् (kurarīm) - a female osprey (known for its cries) (female osprey, female bird (accusative feminine singular))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept (she wept, he/she cried (perfect tense, 3rd person singular))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

perfect tense

Root rud (to weep). Perfect tense reduplication.

Root: rud (class 2)

सा (sā) - she (Mandodari) (she (nominative feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Mandodari.

पतिम् (patim) - her husband (Ravana) (husband, lord, master (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - husband, lord, master, owner

i-stem masculine noun.

Note: Refers to Ravana.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen (absolutive/gerund))

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive from root dṛś (to see) + suffix tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सन्दितम् (sanditam) - as if bound (by the snares of death) (bound, fettered, tied up (accusative masculine singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandita

sandita - bound, tied, fettered, chained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from sam (upasarga) + root dā (to bind).

Prefix: sam

Root: dā (dyati) (class 4)

Note: Used metaphorically.

मृत्युदामभिः (mṛtyudāmabhiḥ) - by the snares of death (by the ropes/snares of death (instrumental plural))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mṛtyudāma

mṛtyudāma - rope/snare of death

Compound of mṛtyu (death) and dāma (rope, cord, snare).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛtyu+dāma)

• mṛtyu – death, demise
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• dāma – rope, cord, string, garland, fetter
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dā (class 4)

ताम् (tām) - her (Mandodari) (her (accusative feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Mandodari.

अवेक्ष्य (avekṣya) - having observed (having looked at, having observed (absolutive/gerund))

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive from ava (upasarga) + root īkṣ (to see).

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (Sugriva (nominative masculine singular))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

Literally "beautiful neck" (su + grīva).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

क्रोशन्तीम् (krośantīm) - wailing (crying out, wailing (present participle, feminine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of krośat

krośat - crying, yelling, wailing, shouting

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root kruś (to cry out).

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally, describing Mandodari.

कुररीम् (kurarīm) - a female osprey (known for its cries) (female osprey, female bird (accusative feminine singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kurarī

kurarī - female osprey, a kind of plover, a female bird with a plaintive cry

Feminine form of kurara.

Note: Used in a simile with iva.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

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