वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-19, verse-8

वानरा राजसिंहस्य यस्य यूयं पुरःसराः ।
तं विहाय सुवित्रस्ताः कस्माद्द्रवत दुर्गताः ॥८॥

8. vānarā rājasiṃhasya yasya yūyaṃ puraḥsarāḥ ,
taṃ vihāya suvitrastāḥ kasmāddravata durgatāḥ.

8. vānarāḥ rājasiṃhasya yasya yūyam puraḥsarāḥ
tam vihāya suvitrastāḥ kasmāt dravata durgatāḥ

8. vānarāḥ yasya rājasiṃhasya yūyam puraḥsarāḥ,
tam vihāya suvitrastāḥ durgatāḥ kasmāt dravata

8. O monkeys, you who are the forerunners of that lion among kings, why do you, so utterly terrified and distressed, flee after abandoning him?

Words meanings summery:

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - O monkeys!, monkeys

• राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion among kings, of the king-lion

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

• पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - forerunners, leaders, those who go before

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• सुवित्रस्ताः (suvitrastāḥ) - very terrified, greatly frightened

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• द्रवत (dravata) - (you) flee, run away

• दुर्गताः (durgatāḥ) - in distress, having gone badly, fallen into misfortune

Words meanings and morphology

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - O monkeys!, monkeys

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

a-stem noun.

राजसिंहस्य (rājasiṁhasya) - of the lion among kings, of the king-lion

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasiṃha

rājasiṁha - lion among kings, great king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+siṃha)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'rājasiṃhasya'.

यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Second person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'puraḥsarāḥ' (implied 'stha').

पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - forerunners, leaders, those who go before

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - forerunner, leader, going before

From 'puras' (before) + root 'sṛ' (to go).

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'yūyam'.

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'vihāya'.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Gerundive / Absolutive (lyap)

From root 'hā' (to abandon, leave) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Connects to 'dravata'.

सुवित्रस्ताः (suvitrastāḥ) - very terrified, greatly frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvitrasta

suvitrasta - very terrified, greatly frightened

Past Passive Participle

From 'vitrasta' (terrified) with intensifier 'su'.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (su+vitrasta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• vitrasta – terrified, frightened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tras' (to tremble, fear) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: tras (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun, ablative singular neuter or masculine used adverbially.

द्रवत (dravata) - (you) flee, run away

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (Lot) of dru

Imperative mood, 2nd person plural, active voice

From root 'dru'.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'yūyam'.

दुर्गताः (durgatāḥ) - in distress, having gone badly, fallen into misfortune

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durgata

durgata - in distress, unfortunate, badly gone, difficult to pass

Past Passive Participle

From 'dur' (badly) + 'gata' (gone, PPP of 'gam').

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dur+gata)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, reached, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

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