वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-13

किं नावबुध्यसे क्रूरे नियतं बन्धुसंश्रयम् ।
ज्येष्ठं पितृसमं रामं कौसल्यायात्मसंभवम् ॥१३॥

13. kiṃ nāvabudhyase krūre niyataṃ bandhusaṃśrayam ,
jyeṣṭhaṃ pitṛsamaṃ rāmaṃ kausalyāyātmasaṃbhavam.

13. kim na avabudhyase krūre niyatam bandhusaṃśrayam
jyeṣṭham pitṛsamam rāmam kausalyāyāḥ ātmasaṃbhavam

13. he krūre,
tvam niyatam bandhusaṃśrayam,
jyeṣṭham,
pitṛsamam,
kausalyāyāḥ ātmasaṃbhavam rāmam kim na avabudhyase?

13. Cruel one, why do you not understand Rāma, who is the certain refuge of relatives, the eldest, equal to his father, and Kausalyā's own son?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand (you understand, you perceive)

• क्रूरे (krūre) - cruel one (vocative, addressing Kaikeyi) (cruel one, harsh one)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - certain, unfailing (refuge) (certain, fixed, restrained, constant)

• बन्धुसंश्रयम् (bandhusaṁśrayam) - the refuge for all kinsfolk/relatives (refuge of relatives, asylum for kinsfolk)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

• पितृसमम् (pitṛsamam) - equal to his father (equal to father, like a father)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama, the eldest son of Dasharatha and Kausalyā (Rama (proper noun))

• कौसल्यायाः (kausalyāyāḥ) - of Kausalyā

• आत्मसंभवम् (ātmasaṁbhavam) - her own son (self-born, one's own son)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why (interrogative particle) (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand (you understand, you perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present indicative middle voice 2nd person singular of root 'budh' with prefix 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

क्रूरे (krūre) - cruel one (vocative, addressing Kaikeyi) (cruel one, harsh one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh, wicked

नियतम् (niyatam) - certain, unfailing (refuge) (certain, fixed, restrained, constant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, controlled, certain, fixed, constant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

बन्धुसंश्रयम् (bandhusaṁśrayam) - the refuge for all kinsfolk/relatives (refuge of relatives, asylum for kinsfolk)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bandhusaṃśraya

bandhusaṁśraya - refuge of relatives, asylum for kinsfolk

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bandhu+saṃśraya)

• bandhu – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
• saṃśraya – refuge, asylum, reliance, shelter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'śri' (to resort to) with 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, senior

Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old).

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

पितृसमम् (pitṛsamam) - equal to his father (equal to father, like a father)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛsama

pitṛsama - equal to father, like a father

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+sama)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, same, like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama, the eldest son of Dasharatha and Kausalyā (Rama (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of the Ramayana), pleasing, beautiful

Note: Object of 'avabudhyase'.

कौसल्यायाः (kausalyāyāḥ) - of Kausalyā

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalyā (name of Dasharatha's chief queen and Rama's mother)

Note: Possessive case for 'ātmasaṃbhavam'.

आत्मसंभवम् (ātmasaṁbhavam) - her own son (self-born, one's own son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmasaṃbhava

ātmasaṁbhava - self-born, one's own son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+saṃbhava)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual essence
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhava – birth, origin, production
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

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