वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-20

एवमुक्ता तु सुरभिः सुरराजेन धीमता ।
पत्युवाच ततो धीरा वाक्यं वाक्यविशारदा ॥२०॥

20. evamuktā tu surabhiḥ surarājena dhīmatā ,
patyuvāca tato dhīrā vākyaṃ vākyaviśāradā.

20. evam uktā tu surabhiḥ surarājena dhīmatā |
pati uvāca tataḥ dhīrā vākyam vākyaviśāradā

20. evam dhīmatā surarājena uktā tu,
tataḥ dhīrā vākyaviśāradā surabhiḥ vākyam pati uvāca

20. Thus addressed by the intelligent king of gods, the resolute Surabhi, skilled in speech, then replied to the lord with these words.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way Indra addressed Surabhi. (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्ता (uktā) - Surabhi, being the one addressed. (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - Marks a slight contrast or continuation of narrative. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• सुरभिः (surabhiḥ) - The divine cow, mother of cows, who is the subject of the verse. (Surabhi (proper noun), fragrant, pleasing)

• सुरराजेन (surarājena) - Refers to Indra, the king of the devas. (by the king of gods)

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - Modifies 'surarājena', referring to Indra's intelligence. (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

• पति (pati) - Here, 'pati' refers to Indra, the lord of gods, to whom Surabhi replies. (to the lord, master, husband)

• उवाच (uvāca) - The act of Surabhi replying. (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thereafter, from there)

• धीरा (dhīrā) - Describes Surabhi's demeanor. (resolute, firm, steady, brave)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The actual words spoken by Surabhi. (speech, words, statement)

• वाक्यविशारदा (vākyaviśāradā) - Describes Surabhi's ability to express herself. (skilled in speech, eloquent)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way Indra addressed Surabhi. (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Derived from idaṃ (this).

उक्ता (uktā) - Surabhi, being the one addressed. (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak, say) + kta (passive participle suffix). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with 'surabhiḥ'.

तु (tu) - Marks a slight contrast or continuation of narrative. (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सुरभिः (surabhiḥ) - The divine cow, mother of cows, who is the subject of the verse. (Surabhi (proper noun), fragrant, pleasing)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of surabhi

surabhi - fragrant, pleasing, beautiful; a proper name (divine cow)

Compound: su (good) + rabhi (fragrance).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+rabhi)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• rabhi – fragrance, scent
  noun (feminine)
  Related to 'pleasantness' or 'fragrance'.

सुरराजेन (surarājena) - Refers to Indra, the king of the devas. (by the king of gods)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of surarāja

surarāja - king of gods

Compound: sura (god) + rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sura+rāja)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root rāj (to shine, rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action 'uktā'.

धीमता (dhīmatā) - Modifies 'surarājena', referring to Indra's intelligence. (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, discerning, thoughtful

From dhī (thought, intellect) + matup (possessive suffix).

पति (pati) - Here, 'pati' refers to Indra, the lord of gods, to whom Surabhi replies. (to the lord, master, husband)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - master, lord, husband, owner, ruler

Masculine noun, i-stem.

Note: Functions as the indirect object 'to the lord/master' (Indra).

उवाच (uvāca) - The act of Surabhi replying. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular.

From root vac (class 2). Strong form of perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - Indicates sequence of events. (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad + suffix -taḥ.

धीरा (dhīrā) - Describes Surabhi's demeanor. (resolute, firm, steady, brave)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - firm, steady, resolute, brave, intelligent

From dhī (intellect) + suffix -ra.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - The actual words spoken by Surabhi. (speech, words, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, discourse

From root vac (to speak) + suffix -ya.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'.

वाक्यविशारदा (vākyaviśāradā) - Describes Surabhi's ability to express herself. (skilled in speech, eloquent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vākyaviśārada

vākyaviśārada - skilled in speech, eloquent, expert in words

Compound: vākya (speech, words) + viśārada (skilled, expert).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vākya+viśārada)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  From root vac.
  Root: vac (class 2)
• viśārada – skilled, expert, proficient, clever, clear
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi (prefix) + śārad.
  Prefix: vi