वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-28

इति नाग इवारण्ये तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः ।
पपात भुवि संक्रुद्धो निःश्वसन्निव पन्नगः ॥२८॥

28. iti nāga ivāraṇye tomarāṅkuśacoditaḥ ,
papāta bhuvi saṃkruddho niḥśvasanniva pannagaḥ.

28. iti nāgaḥ iva araṇye tomarāṅkuśacoditaḥ papāta
bhuvi saṃkruddhaḥ niḥśvasan iva pannagaḥ

28. iti saṃkruddhaḥ pannagaḥ iva niḥśvasan
tomarāṅkuśacoditaḥ nāgaḥ iva araṇye bhuvi papāta

28. Thus, like an elephant in the forest driven by a spear and a goad, he fell to the ground, greatly enraged, sighing like a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, saying this

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (in context of goad) (elephant, serpent, mountain)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

• तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः (tomarāṅkuśacoditaḥ) - driven/urged by a spear and goad

• पपात (papāta) - he fell, he dropped, he descended

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious, highly incensed

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, hissing, breathing out

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - snake, serpent

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner, saying this

(indeclinable)

नागः (nāgaḥ) - elephant (in context of goad) (elephant, serpent, mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake; elephant; mountain; a people

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert, remote place

तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः (tomarāṅkuśacoditaḥ) - driven/urged by a spear and goad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tomarāṅkuśacodita

tomarāṅkuśacodita - driven/urged by a spear and goad

Past Passive Participle

Compound: tomarāṅkuśa (spear and goad) + codita (driven). 'Codita' is P.P.P. from root cud (to urge, impel).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (tomara+aṅkuśa+codita)

• tomara – a spear, javelin, lance
  noun (neuter/masculine)
• aṅkuśa – an elephant goad, a hook
  noun (masculine)
• codita – urged, driven, impelled, commanded
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cud (to urge, impel), class 10 (P.).
  Root: cud (class 10)

पपात (papāta) - he fell, he dropped, he descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of pat

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular

Reduplicated root. Forms 'papāta'.

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil, place

The noun form of the root bhū (to be). The 'i' ending is for locative singular.

संक्रुद्धः (saṁkruddhaḥ) - greatly enraged, furious, highly incensed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly enraged, highly incensed, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam (completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, hissing, breathing out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - sighing, hissing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

From root śvas (to breathe) with prefix nis (out, forth). Nominative singular masculine.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent; one who moves on the belly

Compound of panna (fallen, descended) + ga (going). Literally 'one who goes on the belly'.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, dropped, descended
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pat (to fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)
• ga – going, moving, one who goes
  suffix/noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go). Forms compounds indicating movement.
  Root: gam (class 1)