वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-68, verse-16

तावर्धदिवसे श्रान्तौ दृष्ट्वा पुत्रौ महीतले ।
रुरोद पुत्र शोकेन बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणा ॥१६॥

16. tāvardhadivase śrāntau dṛṣṭvā putrau mahītale ,
ruroda putra śokena bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā.

16. tau ardhadivase śrāntau dṛṣṭvā putrau mahītale
ruroda putraśokena bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā

16. tau ardhadivase mahītale śrāntau putrau
dṛṣṭvā putraśokena bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā ruroda

16. Seeing her two sons exhausted on the ground at midday, she wept from sorrow for her sons, her eyes agitated by tears.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - her two sons (those two, them (dual))

• अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - at midday, at half day

• श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - exhausted, tired (dual)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• पुत्रौ (putrau) - two sons

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

• रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept, cried

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by sorrow for sons, due to grief for her children

• बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणा (bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā) - with eyes agitated by tears, having tear-filled eyes

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - her two sons (those two, them (dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā, referring to the two sons.

अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - at midday, at half day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardhadivasa

ardhadivasa - half day, midday

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+divasa)

• ardha – half, part
  adjective
• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates time 'at midday'.

श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - exhausted, tired (dual)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, dual of śrānta

śrānta - exhausted, tired, wearied

Past Passive Participle

from root śram (to be weary, exert oneself)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with putrau and tau.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुत्रौ (putrau) - two sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground, on the earth's surface

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, plain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location 'on the ground'.

रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of rud

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect form of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Subject (Surabhi) is feminine singular.

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by sorrow for sons, due to grief for her children

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - sorrow for sons, grief for children

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  from root śuc (to sorrow)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause 'by sorrow'.

बाष्पपर्याकुलेक्षणा (bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇā) - with eyes agitated by tears, having tear-filled eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇa

bāṣpaparyākulekṣaṇa - with eyes agitated by tears, having tear-filled eyes

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+paryākula+īkṣaṇa)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• paryākula – agitated, confused, distressed
  adjective
  from pari + ā + root kul (to collect)
  Prefixes: pari+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• īkṣaṇa – eye, seeing, looking
  noun (neuter)
  from root īkṣ (to see)
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject Surabhi.